NSG 210 PERFUSION EXAM PREP- MOCK TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS KEY.

NSG 210 PERFUSION EXAM PREP- MOCK TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS KEY. What are health promotion areas for heart failure? - Answer-Cluster care Quit smoking Fluid restriction Sodium restriction What are the adverse effects of Statins? - Answer-Mild GI irritation Rash Headahce Myopathy*** Why is it important to teach the patient to report muscle pain while taking Statins? - Answer-Muscle pain can lead to rhabdomyolysis, which can strain the kidney causing acute failure and even death What is an example of Bile-Acid sequestrants? - Answer-Cholestyramine What do bile acid sequestrants do? - Answer-They bind bile and prevents reabsorption from the small intestines, which inhibits the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestines. The cholesterol is naturally secreted. What are contraindications of Bile-Acid sequestrants? - Answer-Known allergy Bowel obstruction* Phenylketonuria (PKU) What are the adverse effects of Bile-Acid sequestrants? - Answer-Constipation Belching Nausea Bloating Headache Tinnitus Burnt odor to urine How does Niacin work? - Answer-Exact mechanism is unknown. What are contraindications of Niacin? - Answer-Known allergy HTN Liver disease Peptic ulcer Bleeding What are the adverse effects of Niacin? - Answer-GI discomfort Flushing* Pruritus How can you prevent flushing in Niacin? - Answer-Take aspirin 30 minutes before administration What is an example of a Fibric Acid Derivatives (Fibrates)? - Answer-Gemfibrozil How do Fibrates work? - Answer-They breakdown cholesterol by activating the enzyme lipoprotein lipase They also change coagulation by decreasing platelet adhesiveness! What are contraindications of Fibrates? - Answer-Warfarin use ( ^ pt) Known allergy Kidney disease Liver disease Cirrhosis Gallbladder disease What are adverse effects of Fibrates? - Answer-GI discomfort Prolonged Prothrombin time Elevated liver enzymes What are nursing interventions for antilipemics? - Answer-Report muscle soreness, changes in urine color, fever, malaise, nausea, or vomiting Limit grapefruit juice ALL medications must be taken one hour before or 4-6 hours after Decreases absorption of vitamines ADEK Increase action of oral anticoagulants Increased risk of rhado when used in combo with statins Can alter Hgb, Hct, WBC Limit ETOH Increase fiber and fluids What are the components that affect heart failure? - Answer-Cardiac output: preload & afterload Contractility Ejection fraction What is the difference between cardiac output and ejection fraction? - Answer-Cardiac output is the amount of blood that is stroked out per minute while the ejection fraction is the amount of blood pumped out each contraction What is heart failure? - Answer-A progressive disease that affects the ability of the heart to pump blood. It cannot supply enough blood and oxygen and is usually caused by injury. What are some causes of heart failure? - Answer-Faulty valves, arrhythmias, infarct, lineage, uncontrolled HTN, ETOH use, illicit drug use, invaders (virus/infection) What is left sided heart failure? - Answer-The left ventricle is too weak leading to the back up of blood that eventually leads to the lungs. This increases pulmonary pressure and results in pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema. What are causes of left sided heart failure? - Answer-HTN CAD Valvular disease What are the two types of left sided heart failure? - Answer-Systolic heart failure Diastolic heart failure What is happening during systolic heart failure? - Answer-The heart cannot squeeze efficiently, which means blood cannot be ejected out of the ventricle. Weakened heart muscles cannot squeeze. Patient will have low ejection fraction (normal is 50%) What is happening during diastolic heart failure? - Answer-The ventricle is too stiff and does not fill efficiently. The ejection fraction is normal.