NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 Questions And
Answers
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - (correct answer) -can use
urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12
weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - (correct answer) -Cellular bags of granules located in
loose connective tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation
initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - (correct answer) -Causes vasodilation, increases
vascular permeability, increases blood flow to the site of injury-
causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - (correct answer) -Soluble factors that contribute to the
regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other
neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory.
Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - (correct answer) -Released when mast cells
degranulate, prolong the inflammatory process. Cause
vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and
eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
,Prostaglandins - (correct answer) -Released when mast cells
degranulate, are produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause
vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - (correct answer) -Biochemical substance
that attracts leukocyte to the site of inflammation
Neutrophils - (correct answer) -Predominant leukocyte at work
during the early stages of acute inflammation
Monocytes - (correct answer) -Become macrophages when
entering the tissue, responsible for presenting antigens to the
CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - (correct answer) -Causes fever, activates
phagocytes & lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - (correct answer) -Stimulates production of
acute phase reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of
RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - (correct answer) -Causes fever, increases
synthesis of proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle
wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - (correct answer) -Promotes
production and maturation of neutrophils
Complement - (correct answer) -Functions include bacterial lysis,
vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, triggers mast
cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Kinin - (correct answer) -Converted to bradykinin which is
responsible for pain and chemotaxis, and it increases vascular
permeability and vasodilation.
, Coagulation cascade - (correct answer) -Factor XII activates kinin.
Function is to form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro
organisms.
COX1 - (correct answer) -Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway.
Provides gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte
balance
COX2 - (correct answer) -Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway.
Responsible for pain, fever, renal protection, tissue repair,
reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - (correct answer) -Protect
gastric mucosa- prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from
market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex. Can impair renal
function , monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - (correct answer) -Synthesis of
prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - (correct answer) -Inhibit COX1 and COX2,
risk for gastric ulceration, GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
ASA - (correct answer) -Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits
Thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins
Corticosteroids - (correct answer) -Inhibit phospholipase A2,
preventing formation of prostaglandins, thromboxane A2,
prostacyclin, and leukotrines
Thromboxane - (correct answer) -Vasoconstriction, platelet
aggregation
Prostacyclin - (correct answer) -Vasodilation, platelet aggregation
(most effective one)
Type 1 hypersensitivity - (correct answer) -E. Immediate response
to allergen, food, meds, pollen, asthma, allergic reactions
Answers
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - (correct answer) -can use
urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12
weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - (correct answer) -Cellular bags of granules located in
loose connective tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation
initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - (correct answer) -Causes vasodilation, increases
vascular permeability, increases blood flow to the site of injury-
causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - (correct answer) -Soluble factors that contribute to the
regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other
neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory.
Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - (correct answer) -Released when mast cells
degranulate, prolong the inflammatory process. Cause
vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and
eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
,Prostaglandins - (correct answer) -Released when mast cells
degranulate, are produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause
vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - (correct answer) -Biochemical substance
that attracts leukocyte to the site of inflammation
Neutrophils - (correct answer) -Predominant leukocyte at work
during the early stages of acute inflammation
Monocytes - (correct answer) -Become macrophages when
entering the tissue, responsible for presenting antigens to the
CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - (correct answer) -Causes fever, activates
phagocytes & lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - (correct answer) -Stimulates production of
acute phase reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of
RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - (correct answer) -Causes fever, increases
synthesis of proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle
wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - (correct answer) -Promotes
production and maturation of neutrophils
Complement - (correct answer) -Functions include bacterial lysis,
vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, triggers mast
cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Kinin - (correct answer) -Converted to bradykinin which is
responsible for pain and chemotaxis, and it increases vascular
permeability and vasodilation.
, Coagulation cascade - (correct answer) -Factor XII activates kinin.
Function is to form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro
organisms.
COX1 - (correct answer) -Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway.
Provides gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte
balance
COX2 - (correct answer) -Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway.
Responsible for pain, fever, renal protection, tissue repair,
reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - (correct answer) -Protect
gastric mucosa- prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from
market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex. Can impair renal
function , monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - (correct answer) -Synthesis of
prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - (correct answer) -Inhibit COX1 and COX2,
risk for gastric ulceration, GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
ASA - (correct answer) -Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits
Thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins
Corticosteroids - (correct answer) -Inhibit phospholipase A2,
preventing formation of prostaglandins, thromboxane A2,
prostacyclin, and leukotrines
Thromboxane - (correct answer) -Vasoconstriction, platelet
aggregation
Prostacyclin - (correct answer) -Vasodilation, platelet aggregation
(most effective one)
Type 1 hypersensitivity - (correct answer) -E. Immediate response
to allergen, food, meds, pollen, asthma, allergic reactions
