NUR315
Pathophysiology for Nurses
Midterms Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the primary pathophysiological
mechanism underlying Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
- A. Insulin resistance
- B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
- C. Excessive insulin production
- D. Genetic mutation in insulin receptor
- ANS: B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
©2025
, - Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is primarily caused by the
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to a lack
of insulin production.
2. What is the main pathophysiological feature of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Reversible airway obstruction
- B. Hypersecretion of mucus
- C. Progressive airflow limitation
- D. Acute bronchospasm
- ANS: C. Progressive airflow limitation
- Rationale: COPD is characterized by progressive airflow
limitation due to chronic inflammation and structural changes in
the airways and lung tissue.
3. Which of the following conditions is commonly associated
with left-sided heart failure?
- A. Peripheral edema
- B. Jugular venous distention
- C. Pulmonary congestion
- D. Hepatomegaly
- ANS: C. Pulmonary congestion
©2025
, - Rationale: Left-sided heart failure leads to pulmonary
congestion and edema due to the inability of the left ventricle to
pump blood effectively.
4. Which pathophysiological process is primarily involved in the
development of atherosclerosis?
- A. Hypercoagulability
- B. Chronic inflammation of the arterial wall
- C. Autoimmune response
- D. Genetic mutations in lipid metabolism
- ANS: B. Chronic inflammation of the arterial wall
- Rationale: Atherosclerosis involves chronic inflammation of
the arterial wall, leading to plaque formation and narrowing of the
arteries.
5. What is the main cause of anemia in chronic kidney disease?
- A. Iron deficiency
- B. Reduced erythropoietin production
- C. Hemolysis
- D. Acute blood loss
- ANS: B. Reduced erythropoietin production
©2025
, - Rationale: Chronic kidney disease often leads to reduced
production of erythropoietin, a hormone necessary for red blood
cell production, resulting in anemia.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The primary pathophysiological mechanism in Alzheimer's
disease is the accumulation of ____________ plaques and
neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
- ANS: amyloid
- Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the
accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in
the brain.
7. In rheumatoid arthritis, the synovial membrane becomes
inflamed and thickened, leading to the formation of
____________ tissue.
- ANS: pannus
- Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis involves the formation of
pannus tissue, which can damage cartilage and bone.
8. The pathophysiology of asthma involves chronic airway
____________, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus
production.
- ANS: inflammation
©2025
Pathophysiology for Nurses
Midterms Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the primary pathophysiological
mechanism underlying Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
- A. Insulin resistance
- B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
- C. Excessive insulin production
- D. Genetic mutation in insulin receptor
- ANS: B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
©2025
, - Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is primarily caused by the
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to a lack
of insulin production.
2. What is the main pathophysiological feature of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Reversible airway obstruction
- B. Hypersecretion of mucus
- C. Progressive airflow limitation
- D. Acute bronchospasm
- ANS: C. Progressive airflow limitation
- Rationale: COPD is characterized by progressive airflow
limitation due to chronic inflammation and structural changes in
the airways and lung tissue.
3. Which of the following conditions is commonly associated
with left-sided heart failure?
- A. Peripheral edema
- B. Jugular venous distention
- C. Pulmonary congestion
- D. Hepatomegaly
- ANS: C. Pulmonary congestion
©2025
, - Rationale: Left-sided heart failure leads to pulmonary
congestion and edema due to the inability of the left ventricle to
pump blood effectively.
4. Which pathophysiological process is primarily involved in the
development of atherosclerosis?
- A. Hypercoagulability
- B. Chronic inflammation of the arterial wall
- C. Autoimmune response
- D. Genetic mutations in lipid metabolism
- ANS: B. Chronic inflammation of the arterial wall
- Rationale: Atherosclerosis involves chronic inflammation of
the arterial wall, leading to plaque formation and narrowing of the
arteries.
5. What is the main cause of anemia in chronic kidney disease?
- A. Iron deficiency
- B. Reduced erythropoietin production
- C. Hemolysis
- D. Acute blood loss
- ANS: B. Reduced erythropoietin production
©2025
, - Rationale: Chronic kidney disease often leads to reduced
production of erythropoietin, a hormone necessary for red blood
cell production, resulting in anemia.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The primary pathophysiological mechanism in Alzheimer's
disease is the accumulation of ____________ plaques and
neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
- ANS: amyloid
- Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the
accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in
the brain.
7. In rheumatoid arthritis, the synovial membrane becomes
inflamed and thickened, leading to the formation of
____________ tissue.
- ANS: pannus
- Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis involves the formation of
pannus tissue, which can damage cartilage and bone.
8. The pathophysiology of asthma involves chronic airway
____________, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus
production.
- ANS: inflammation
©2025
