NSG 251 Didactic Questions 2025 Latest and Verified
Answers
Nursing Process: Assessment
Data is collected, analyzed and reviewed (ex. Vitals, medical profile, head to toe assessment)
HISTORY & PHYSICAL
Nursing Process: Human needs statement
Focuses on how the data collected signifies a problem, strength, or vulnerability.
Nursing Process: Planning
Outcomes are objective, measurable, and realistic with an established time period for
achievement of the outcomes that are specifically stated in the outcome criteria
Nursing Process: Implementation
(patient teaching): communicating with patient, family, educating PT about medication and
safety right.
Nursing Process: Evaluation
Ongoing, monitoring outcomes, drug response, and documentation.
6 Right + 3 rights to medication administration
1. Right Drug
2. Right Dose
3. Right Time
4. Right Route
5. Right Patient
6. Right Documentation
7. Right Reason or indication
8. Right Response
9. Right to Refuse
,General name (nonproprietary)
Usually much shorter and simpler than the chemical name. Patients often only know the
generic name.
Trade name (proprietary)
The drug has a registered trademark and indicates it is restricted to the owner of the patent for
the drug. Names are usually shorter and easier to pronounce remember than generic names
What is a prodrug?
a medication that is inactive until it is metabolized into an active drug by the body
Define Pharmaceutics
The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the drug affects the body
Major routes of drug administration
External, parenteral, topical, and oral disintegrating
External mode
Any drug that is SWALLOWED and absorbed. Most used mode, although they act the slowest,
but easiest to self administer.
Parenteral mode:
any injected drug: Subcute, IM or IV. IV drugs act immediately,, then IM, THEN subcute.
Topical (transdermal)
some are local and work immediately, others are systemically distributed and act slower.
Oral disintegrating tablets:
do not have a fast pass effect, meaning it can automatically enter the blood stream bypassing
the liver for a fast response.
4 steps of pharmacokinetics: Absorption
, Describes how the drug moves from the site of administration to the site of action.
4 steps of pharmacokinetics: Distribution
Describes the journey of the drug through the bloodstream to various tissues of the body.
(Parental drugs move right into this phase as they bypass GI tract as fast acting and 100%
available) Some drugs are bound to protein which increases the drug length of action.
4 steps of pharmacokinetics: Metabolism
Describes the process that breaks down the drug.Drugs are changed by the liver, into an inert
form that has no therapeutic drug effect.
4 steps of pharmacokinetics: Excretion
Describes the removal of the drug from the body. Inert drug remnants are excreted from the
boby via the kidneys.
What is the first pass effect and which route of administration is this associated with?
Parenteral drugs move Directly to the distribution phase as they bypass the GI tract and Liver.
No first pass effect. These drugs are fast acting and 100% bioavailable
How does age of the client effect the stages of pharmacokinetics?
The liver of infants and children is not fully mature, resulting in a decrease in first-pass
elimination and subsequently higher drug levels in the bloodstream.
Right considerations:Oral (PO) or Enteral (NGT, GT, OGT) Ingestion
Oral route is a convenient route for administration of solid and liquid formulations.
Additional variables that may influence the rate and extent of absorption include enteric
coating or extended-release formulations, acidity of gastric contents, gastric emptying rate,
dietary contents, and presence of other drugs.
First-pass effect: Blood containing the absorbed drug passes through the liver, which can
deactivate a substantial amount of the drug and decrease its bioavailability (the percentage of
dose that reaches the systemic circulation).
Answers
Nursing Process: Assessment
Data is collected, analyzed and reviewed (ex. Vitals, medical profile, head to toe assessment)
HISTORY & PHYSICAL
Nursing Process: Human needs statement
Focuses on how the data collected signifies a problem, strength, or vulnerability.
Nursing Process: Planning
Outcomes are objective, measurable, and realistic with an established time period for
achievement of the outcomes that are specifically stated in the outcome criteria
Nursing Process: Implementation
(patient teaching): communicating with patient, family, educating PT about medication and
safety right.
Nursing Process: Evaluation
Ongoing, monitoring outcomes, drug response, and documentation.
6 Right + 3 rights to medication administration
1. Right Drug
2. Right Dose
3. Right Time
4. Right Route
5. Right Patient
6. Right Documentation
7. Right Reason or indication
8. Right Response
9. Right to Refuse
,General name (nonproprietary)
Usually much shorter and simpler than the chemical name. Patients often only know the
generic name.
Trade name (proprietary)
The drug has a registered trademark and indicates it is restricted to the owner of the patent for
the drug. Names are usually shorter and easier to pronounce remember than generic names
What is a prodrug?
a medication that is inactive until it is metabolized into an active drug by the body
Define Pharmaceutics
The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the drug affects the body
Major routes of drug administration
External, parenteral, topical, and oral disintegrating
External mode
Any drug that is SWALLOWED and absorbed. Most used mode, although they act the slowest,
but easiest to self administer.
Parenteral mode:
any injected drug: Subcute, IM or IV. IV drugs act immediately,, then IM, THEN subcute.
Topical (transdermal)
some are local and work immediately, others are systemically distributed and act slower.
Oral disintegrating tablets:
do not have a fast pass effect, meaning it can automatically enter the blood stream bypassing
the liver for a fast response.
4 steps of pharmacokinetics: Absorption
, Describes how the drug moves from the site of administration to the site of action.
4 steps of pharmacokinetics: Distribution
Describes the journey of the drug through the bloodstream to various tissues of the body.
(Parental drugs move right into this phase as they bypass GI tract as fast acting and 100%
available) Some drugs are bound to protein which increases the drug length of action.
4 steps of pharmacokinetics: Metabolism
Describes the process that breaks down the drug.Drugs are changed by the liver, into an inert
form that has no therapeutic drug effect.
4 steps of pharmacokinetics: Excretion
Describes the removal of the drug from the body. Inert drug remnants are excreted from the
boby via the kidneys.
What is the first pass effect and which route of administration is this associated with?
Parenteral drugs move Directly to the distribution phase as they bypass the GI tract and Liver.
No first pass effect. These drugs are fast acting and 100% bioavailable
How does age of the client effect the stages of pharmacokinetics?
The liver of infants and children is not fully mature, resulting in a decrease in first-pass
elimination and subsequently higher drug levels in the bloodstream.
Right considerations:Oral (PO) or Enteral (NGT, GT, OGT) Ingestion
Oral route is a convenient route for administration of solid and liquid formulations.
Additional variables that may influence the rate and extent of absorption include enteric
coating or extended-release formulations, acidity of gastric contents, gastric emptying rate,
dietary contents, and presence of other drugs.
First-pass effect: Blood containing the absorbed drug passes through the liver, which can
deactivate a substantial amount of the drug and decrease its bioavailability (the percentage of
dose that reaches the systemic circulation).
