Peregrine - Quantitative Research
Techniques and Statistics
What is Statistics? - ANS -"Statistics is a way to get information from data."
Mean
Median
Mode - ANS -Mean: Average
Median: Middle
Mode: Most common number
_________ statistics is a body of methods used to draw conclusions or inferences about
characteristics of populations based on sample data. - ANS -Inferential
A ___________ is a set of data drawn from a population. - ANS -sample
A descriptive measure of a population is a ___________ and a descriptive measure of a sample
is a _____________.
A. statistic, parameter
B. parametier, statistic
C. rule, statistic
D. statistic, estimation - ANS -B. parametier, statistic
The simplest method of obtaining data is by ________________.
A. experiments
B. survey
C. direct observation
D. self-administered questionnaire - ANS -C. direct observation
Key design principles for a questionnaire: - ANS -Keep the questionnaire as short as possible.
Most people are unwilling to spend much time filling out a questionnaire.
Ask short, simple, and clearly worded questions to enable respondents to answer quickly,
correctly, and without ambiguity.
Start with demographic questions to help respondents get started and become comfortable
quickly.
Use dichotomous (yes/no) and multiple choice questions because of their simplicity.
, Use open-ended questions cautiously because they are time consuming and more difficult to
tabulate and analyze.
Avoid using leading questions that tend to lead the respondent to a particular answer.
Trial a questionnaire on a small number of people to uncover potential problems, such as
ambiguous wording.
Think about the way you intend to use the collected data when preparing the questionnaire.
First determine whether you are soliciting values for a quantitative variable or a categorical
variable. Then consider which type of statistical techniques, descriptive or inferential, you intend
to apply to the data to be collected, and note the requirements of the specific techniques to be
used.
Simple random sample - ANS -A simple random sample is a sample selected in such a way
that every possible sample with the same number of observations is equally likely to be chosen.
Stratified random sample - ANS -A stratified random sample is obtained by separating the
population into mutually exclusive sets, or strata, and then drawing simple random samples
from each stratum.
Cluster sample - ANS -A cluster sample is a simple random sample of groups or clusters of
elements versus a simple random sample of individual objects.
________________ refers to differences between the sample and the population that exists
only because of the observations that happened to be selected for the sample. - ANS -sampling
error
Which is a more serious error because taking a larger sample won't diminish the size, or the
possibility of occurrence, of this error?
A. sampling error
B. non-sampling error - ANS -B. non-sampling error
A _______________________ is an action or process that leads to one of several possible
outcomes - ANS -random experiment
Select the correct option(s). A sample space (the list of possible outcomes for an experiment)
must be:
Exhaustive of all possibilities
In descending order of likelihood
Comprised of only mutually exclusive possibilities - ANS -Exhaustive of all possibilities
Comprised of only mutually exclusive possibilities
Techniques and Statistics
What is Statistics? - ANS -"Statistics is a way to get information from data."
Mean
Median
Mode - ANS -Mean: Average
Median: Middle
Mode: Most common number
_________ statistics is a body of methods used to draw conclusions or inferences about
characteristics of populations based on sample data. - ANS -Inferential
A ___________ is a set of data drawn from a population. - ANS -sample
A descriptive measure of a population is a ___________ and a descriptive measure of a sample
is a _____________.
A. statistic, parameter
B. parametier, statistic
C. rule, statistic
D. statistic, estimation - ANS -B. parametier, statistic
The simplest method of obtaining data is by ________________.
A. experiments
B. survey
C. direct observation
D. self-administered questionnaire - ANS -C. direct observation
Key design principles for a questionnaire: - ANS -Keep the questionnaire as short as possible.
Most people are unwilling to spend much time filling out a questionnaire.
Ask short, simple, and clearly worded questions to enable respondents to answer quickly,
correctly, and without ambiguity.
Start with demographic questions to help respondents get started and become comfortable
quickly.
Use dichotomous (yes/no) and multiple choice questions because of their simplicity.
, Use open-ended questions cautiously because they are time consuming and more difficult to
tabulate and analyze.
Avoid using leading questions that tend to lead the respondent to a particular answer.
Trial a questionnaire on a small number of people to uncover potential problems, such as
ambiguous wording.
Think about the way you intend to use the collected data when preparing the questionnaire.
First determine whether you are soliciting values for a quantitative variable or a categorical
variable. Then consider which type of statistical techniques, descriptive or inferential, you intend
to apply to the data to be collected, and note the requirements of the specific techniques to be
used.
Simple random sample - ANS -A simple random sample is a sample selected in such a way
that every possible sample with the same number of observations is equally likely to be chosen.
Stratified random sample - ANS -A stratified random sample is obtained by separating the
population into mutually exclusive sets, or strata, and then drawing simple random samples
from each stratum.
Cluster sample - ANS -A cluster sample is a simple random sample of groups or clusters of
elements versus a simple random sample of individual objects.
________________ refers to differences between the sample and the population that exists
only because of the observations that happened to be selected for the sample. - ANS -sampling
error
Which is a more serious error because taking a larger sample won't diminish the size, or the
possibility of occurrence, of this error?
A. sampling error
B. non-sampling error - ANS -B. non-sampling error
A _______________________ is an action or process that leads to one of several possible
outcomes - ANS -random experiment
Select the correct option(s). A sample space (the list of possible outcomes for an experiment)
must be:
Exhaustive of all possibilities
In descending order of likelihood
Comprised of only mutually exclusive possibilities - ANS -Exhaustive of all possibilities
Comprised of only mutually exclusive possibilities
