NCHP Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update Graded A+

NCHP Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update Graded A+ pharmacokinetics - Answers The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted. slow - Answers The skin allows for ___ medication absorption slow - Answers The GI tract allows for ___ absorption of medication liquids - Answers Which absorbs faster: liquids, capsules, or tablets? fast - Answers Mucous membranes and respiratory airways allow for ___ absorption of medication IV - Answers This route allows for the fastest rate of absorption, as it enters the systemic circulation chemical makeup - Answers What determines the organ of excretion for medications? lungs - Answers Gases and volatile compounds exit through the ___ exocrine glands - Answers Lipid soluble meds exit through the ___ peristalsis - Answers Accelerates the excretion of medications through feces therapeutic effect - Answers The desired or intended effect of a particular medication. adverse effect - Answers Unintended, undesirable, often unpredictable side effect - Answers Predictable, unavoidable secondary effect at the usual therapeutic dose toxic effect - Answers Accumulation of medication in the bloodstream due to impaired metabolism or excretion or prolonged use of a med idiosyncratic reaction - Answers unpredictable effects in which a patient overreacts or underreacts to a medication or has a reaction different from normal medication interactions - Answers when one medication modifies the action of another; increases or decreases the effects synergistic effect - Answers an interaction of two or more medicines that results in a greater effect than when the medicines are taken alone b - Answers Which of these patients is MOST at risk for an adverse drug effect? a. 25-year-old female admitted to the ER for a rash b. A woman 30 weeks pregnant c. A 35-year-old male taking an antidepressant d. A 7-year-old child with the flu antagonistic - Answers When one drug weakens or cancels out the effects of the other allergic reaction - Answers unpredictable response to a medication The med acts as an antigen, triggering antibody release Symptoms vary ex. Antibiotics tolerance - Answers occurs over time More medication is required to have the same effect NOT the same as dependence medication dependence - Answers when a person experiences withdrawal symptoms when a medication is stopped abruptly Can be physical or psychological onset - Answers When the medication begins working Minimum effective concentration (MEC) - Answers the plasma drug level below which therapeutic effects will not occur toxic concentration - Answers The level of a drug at which toxic effects occur peak - Answers The highest level of serum concentration; level is drawn whenever the med is expected to reach it trough - Answers Lowest level of serum concentration; level is usually drawn 30 mins before administering the med biological half life - Answers The time it takes for the excretion process to lower the serum medication concentration by half IV - Answers With this drug method, peak occurs quickly and serum concentration falls immediately regular fixed doses - Answers to maintain a therapeutic plateau, a patient must receive ___ ATC (around the clock) time critical - Answers Meds given at a precise time within 30 minutes before or after the scheduled time non-time critical - Answers Med can be given within 1-2 hours of the scheduled time AC - Answers before meals ad lib - Answers as desired BID - Answers twice a day PC - Answers after meals prn - Answers as needed qam - Answers every morning qh - Answers every hour q4h - Answers every four hours QID - Answers four times a day stat - Answers give immediately TID - Answers three times a day duration - Answers Time during which medication is present in concentration great enough to produce a response plateau - Answers Blood serum concentration of medication reached and maintained after repeated fixed doses oral - Answers Convenient, economical, easy to admin, local/systemic effects, rarely cause pt anxiety oral - Answers This route is to be avoided if the pt has GI alterations, is unconscious, has just been under anesthesia, is unable to swallow subq, iv, im - Answers Used when oral meds are contraindicated, more rapid absorption, critically ill pts or long-term therapy, poor peripheral perfusion subq, iv, im - Answers This route poses a higher risk of infection, is expensive, has a risk of tissue damage, causes pt anxiety