Medical-Surgical Nursing Exam 1 (questions) - Jersey College Questions & Answers

VIII Vestibucochlear - ANSWERSBalance and equilibrium are functions of the ________ nerve. tympanic membrane - ANSWERSThe external ear is separated from the middle ear by a disk-shaped structure called the ________________________. auricle (pinna) - ANSWERSThe _______ collects the sound waves and directs vibrations in to the external auditory canal. cerumen (ear wax) - ANSWERSA brown, waxlike substance secreted by ceruminous glands is called? 1 mm - ANSWERSHow wide is the eustacian tube? 35 mm - ANSWERSHow long is the eustacian tube? It helps to conduct sound vibration. - ANSWERSWhat is the function of the tympanic membrane? pearly grey - ANSWERSWhat color is NORMAL for the tympanic membrane? pars tensa - ANSWERSApproximately 80% of the tympanic membrane is composed of all three layers and is called the ___________. pars flaccida - ANSWERSThe remaining 20% of the tympanic membrane that lacks the middle layer is called ? annulus - ANSWERSThe fibrous border that attaches the eardrum to the temporal bone ? perilymph - ANSWERSThe bony labyrinth surrounds and protects the membranous labyrinth, which is bathed in a fluid called ___________. hearing balance and equilirium - ANSWERSWhat are the two functions of the ears? eustacian tube - ANSWERSHelps to equalize pressure in the ear ? seborrheic dermatitis - ANSWERSA flaky scaliness on or behind the auricle usually indicates _____________________ and can be present on the scalp and facial structures as well 5 mm - ANSWERSThe largest speculum that the ear canal can accommodate ____mm. gently irrigate the canal with warm water - ANSWERSIf the tympanic membrane cannot be visualized because of cerumen, the cerumen may be removed how? Weber and Rinne tests - ANSWERSName two tests used to assess a patient's hearing ability. Weber test - ANSWERSThis test for hearing uses bone conduction to test lateralization of sound. What is it called? Rinne test - ANSWERSThis hearing test is done by shifting the stem of a vibrating tuning fork between two positions: 2 inches from the opening of the ear canal and against the mastoid bone. As the position changes, the patient is asked to indicate which tone is louder or when the tone is no longer available. What is it called? The Weber Test - ANSWERSResults of this test are used to determine whether the patient has conductive hearing loss or sensorineural hearing loss. Which test? air conduction - ANSWERSWhich type of conduction should be longer for sensiorneural hearing loss? Air or Bone? TRUE - ANSWERSConductive hearing loss such as from otosclerosis or otitis media, when performing the Weber test the sound lateralizes toward the affected ear T/F? Bone - ANSWERSWeber test just does ____ conduction. Audiometry confirms a client's chronic progressive hearing loss. Further investigation reveals ankylosis of the stapes in the oval window, a condition that prevents sound transmission. This type of hearing loss is called a: - ANSWERSconductive hearing loss frequency, pitch, and intensity - ANSWERSName three characteristics that are important when evaluating hearing. frequency - ANSWERSThe number of sound waves emanating from a source per second, measured as cycles per second, or Hertz. 20-20,000 Hz - ANSWERSWhat is the range of human hearing? intensity - ANSWERSLoudness of sound is known as _________. decibel (dB) - ANSWERSThe unit for measuring loudness, the pressure exerted by sound. Hearing loss is measured using this unit. 0-15 dB - ANSWERSThe normal hearing in decibels ? 15-25 dB - ANSWERSSlight hearing loss in decibels ? 25-40 dB - ANSWERSMild hearing loss in decibels ? 40-55 dB - ANSWERSModerate hearing loss in decibels ? 55-70 dB - ANSWERSmoderately severe hearing loss in decibels ? 70-90 dB - ANSWERSSevere hearing loss in decibels ? 90 - ANSWERSProfound hearing loss in decibels ? tympanogram - ANSWERSmeasures middle ear muscle reflex to sound stimulation and compliance of the tympanic membrane by changing the air pressure in a sealed ear canal ? -family history of sensorineural impairment -congential malformations of the cranial structure (ear) -low birth weight (1500g) -use of ototoxic medications (e.g., gentamycin, loop diuretics) -recurrent ear infections -bacterial meningitis -chronic exposure to loud noises (jobs, hobbies) -perforation of the tympanic membrane - ANSWERSRisk factors for hearing loss (8) ? presbycusis - ANSWERShearing loss associated with old age is called ? Aural Rehabilitation - ANSWERSintervention aimed at minimizing and alleviating the communication difficulties associated with hearing loss ? Can be used if hearing loss is permanent or untreatable or if the patient elects not to be treated. There are no activity restrictions after this procedure - ANSWERSWhat patient education for post mastoid surgery would be incorrect? -Avoid getting water in the ear. -Constant throbbing pain may be a sign of infection. -Call for assistance to ambulate to prevent injury. -There are no activity restrictions after this procedure. TRUE - ANSWERSA cochlear implant is an auditory prosthesis used for people with profound sensorineural hearing loss bilaterally who do not benefit from conventional hearing aids. T/F ? -Glycerin -mineraloil -½ strength H2O2, or peroxide in glycerol - ANSWERSWhat can you use to soften earwax/cerumen and irrigate the ear canal? (3) Malignant external otitis - ANSWERSrare, progressive infection that effects the external auditory canal, surrounding tissue, and skull -pain and tenderness -discharge -edema -erythema -pruritus -hearing loss -feelings of fullness in the ear - ANSWERSS/S of external otitis (7) wick - ANSWERSA _______ may be inserted in the canal to keep it open and facilitate medication administration. acute otitis media - ANSWERSThis type of ear infection is most often seen in children ? -otalgia (ear pain) -fever -hearing loss - ANSWERSS/S of acute otitis media (3) Serous otitis media - ANSWERSfluid in the middle ear without evidence of infection is called? Often due to eustacian tube dysfunction or blockage. mastoidectomy - ANSWERSRemoval of diseased bone, mastoid air cells, and cholesteatoma to create a noninfected, healthy ear. What is this procedure called? Cholesteatoma - ANSWERSbenign tumor, an ingrowth of skin that causes persistently high pressure in the middle ear, which causes hearing loss and neurologic disorders and destroys structures. What is it called? tympanotomy, myringotomy - ANSWERSincision into the eardrum for inserting tubes is known by 2 names; what are they? ossiculoplasty - ANSWERSSurgical repair of an ossicle (small bone) of the middle ear is called ? stapedotomy - ANSWERSAn alternative procedure to stapedectomy. A small opening is created in the fixed stapes footplate with a small drill or laser. This allows for transmission of sound waves or placement of prosthesis ? antihistamines - ANSWERSWhat classification of medications can be used in vertigo? taste - food will taste different until the nerve is healed - ANSWERSAfter an ear procedure, what change in the senses will the patient experience? 6 weeks - ANSWERSAfter ear surgery, how long should the patient keep the ears dry? cotton ball with vaseline - ANSWERSHow can patients prevent water from entering the ear? endolymphatic sac decompression - ANSWERSprocedure that equalizes pressure int the endolymphatic space. A shunt or a drain is inserted in the endolymphatic sac through a postauricular incision. What is this procedure called? vestibular nerve sectioning - ANSWERSProcedure that provides the greatest success rate in eliminating the attacks of vertigo. It can be performed by a translabyrinthine approach or in a manner that can conserve hearing, depending on the degree of hearing loss. Cutting the nerve prevents the brain from receiving input from the semicircular canals. What is it called? Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) - ANSWERSBrief episodes of vertigo ( 1 min.) assoc. w/position change; result of degen. of the utricular otoconia tinnitus - ANSWERSroaring, buzzing, or hissing sound in one or both ears is called? -diuretic agents: ethancrynic acid, fuosemide, acetazolamide -chemotherapeutic (antineoplastic) agents: cisplatin, nitrogen mustard, carboplatin -antimalarial agents: quinine, choroquine -anti-inflammatory agents: salicylates (aspirin), indomethacin -chemicals: alcohol, arsenic -aminoglycoside antibiotic agents: amikacin, gentamicin kanamycin, netlimicin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin -other antibiotic agents: erythromycin, minocycline, polymyxin B, vancomycin -metals: gold, mercury, lead - ANSWERSName Selected Ototoxic Substances & examples