NHM Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025-2026
what type of dietary fats can increase blood LDL concentrations - Answers saturated fatty acids, trans-
fatty acids
when food is consumed, in which of the following organs is excess energy stored? - Answers adipose cell
a desirable blood lipid profile would include a(n)? - Answers LDL cholesterol of <100 milligrams per
deciliter
fatty acids vary in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to the number of? - Answers double
bonds
which of the following blood lipids is linked most directly to heart disease - Answers low-density
lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol
the function of bile in fat digestion is to - Answers emulsify fats into smaller particles
which of the following members of the lipid family are soluble in both water and fat - Answers
phospholipids
which fish should be avoided because of its high mercury content - Answers swordfish and tilefish
what happens to the bile that is reabsorbed by the small intestine - Answers most of the bile is
reabsorbed from the small intestine and recycled
the traditional mediterranean diet emphasizes all of the following foods expect: - Answers red meats
what foods do the traditional mediterranean diet emphasize on - Answers - whole grains
- nuts
- fruits and vegetables
if a fat source is counted toward an individual's discretionary kcalories, what does this mean? - Answers
this fat source is high in saturated fat, and its intake should be limited
when a fatty acid is described as being saturated, it means that it? - Answers contains only single bonds
between its carbon atoms
what is the primary role of triglycerides - Answers provide the cells with energy
which behaves more like saturated fats, increasing blood cholesterol, and heart disease risk - Answers
trans-fatty acids
which is not a measure of protein quality in food - Answers amount
what are measures of protein quality in food? - Answers - comparison with a reference protein
,- amino acid composition
- digestibility
which activity is protein NOT involved in within the body - Answers formation of cholesterol
activities proteins are involved within the body - Answers - regulation of fluid balance
- cellular growth and repair
- formation of antibodies
t/f: urea is the toxic product produced during protein/amino acid metabolism - Answers FALSE
true statements about protein metabolism - Answers - excess dietary protein can be made into glucose
- excess dietary protein can be made into fat
- dietary proteins provide amino acids that the body cannot make by itself
t/f: the body does not make sufficient amounts of amino acids, so they must be included in the diet -
Answers TRUE
what percentage of total food energy should be provided by protein daily - Answers 10 to 35
evidence suggests that cancer of the colon. pancreas, and ovaries is connected with high consumptions
of what? - Answers red meat and processed meats
what is the process of messenger RNA being made from a template of DNA? - Answers transcription
an ounce of most protein foods delivers how many grams of protein - Answers 7 grams
which amino acid is elevated in individuals with heart disease - Answers homocysteine
rosa is on a high-protein diet. which recommendation is most appropriate for her - Answers drink plenty
of water
whey protein is a waste product from the manufacturing of - Answers cheese
what activity results from the action of hydrochloric acid on protein in the stomach - Answers
denaturation
in which way do the structures of amino acids differ from each other - Answers they each have a unique
side group
what substance converts the inactive pepsinogen to its active form, pepsin - Answers hydrochloric acid
if an essential amino acid needed to make an important protein is missing, how does the body
compensate? - Answers break down existing body proteins to supply it
, what is the outcome of amino acids if someone overeats protein and kcalories in general - Answers the
amino acids are stored as fat
what fat-formation pathway is the most efficient and direct - Answers conversion of dietary fat to body
fat
what is the key element in catabolic reactions - Answers they release energy
what is the source of the glucose needed by the brain and red blood cells when glycogen stores become
depleted after a 24-hour fast - Answers amino acids
Janelle always feels more "tipsy" than her same-sized boyfriend after drinking the same amount of
alcohol . which organ produces more alcohol dehydrogenase in men, explaining Janelle's observation -
Answers the stomach
what compound plays a pivotal role in both the first and last steps of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle -
Answers oxaloacetate
which of the following metabolic processes occurs during the first 2-3 hours of fasting - Answers glucose
is released from the liver, and fatty acids are released from the adipose tissue
mitochondria - Answers "powerhouse" of the cell
what is the alternative fuel source produced during a prolonged fast - Answers ketone bodies
glycolysis - Answers results in the formation of pyruvate
t/f: fatty acids can be used to make glucose during energy metabolism - Answers false
true statements about energy metabolism - Answers - carbohydrates, protein, and fat can be broken
down into acetyl CoA
- Acetyl CoA can enter the TCA cycle or make fat
- some amino acids, pyruvate, and glycerol can be used to make glucose
what serves as electron carriers in electron transport chain - Answers proteins
t/f: anabolic reactions convert small molecules to larger ones - Answers true
when energy-yielding nutrients are consumed in excess, what can lead to an enlargement of fat cells -
Answers fat, carbohydrate and protein
t/f" anaerobic reactions do not require energy - Answers true
what does satiation determine - Answers how much food is consumed during one meal
what type of dietary fats can increase blood LDL concentrations - Answers saturated fatty acids, trans-
fatty acids
when food is consumed, in which of the following organs is excess energy stored? - Answers adipose cell
a desirable blood lipid profile would include a(n)? - Answers LDL cholesterol of <100 milligrams per
deciliter
fatty acids vary in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to the number of? - Answers double
bonds
which of the following blood lipids is linked most directly to heart disease - Answers low-density
lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol
the function of bile in fat digestion is to - Answers emulsify fats into smaller particles
which of the following members of the lipid family are soluble in both water and fat - Answers
phospholipids
which fish should be avoided because of its high mercury content - Answers swordfish and tilefish
what happens to the bile that is reabsorbed by the small intestine - Answers most of the bile is
reabsorbed from the small intestine and recycled
the traditional mediterranean diet emphasizes all of the following foods expect: - Answers red meats
what foods do the traditional mediterranean diet emphasize on - Answers - whole grains
- nuts
- fruits and vegetables
if a fat source is counted toward an individual's discretionary kcalories, what does this mean? - Answers
this fat source is high in saturated fat, and its intake should be limited
when a fatty acid is described as being saturated, it means that it? - Answers contains only single bonds
between its carbon atoms
what is the primary role of triglycerides - Answers provide the cells with energy
which behaves more like saturated fats, increasing blood cholesterol, and heart disease risk - Answers
trans-fatty acids
which is not a measure of protein quality in food - Answers amount
what are measures of protein quality in food? - Answers - comparison with a reference protein
,- amino acid composition
- digestibility
which activity is protein NOT involved in within the body - Answers formation of cholesterol
activities proteins are involved within the body - Answers - regulation of fluid balance
- cellular growth and repair
- formation of antibodies
t/f: urea is the toxic product produced during protein/amino acid metabolism - Answers FALSE
true statements about protein metabolism - Answers - excess dietary protein can be made into glucose
- excess dietary protein can be made into fat
- dietary proteins provide amino acids that the body cannot make by itself
t/f: the body does not make sufficient amounts of amino acids, so they must be included in the diet -
Answers TRUE
what percentage of total food energy should be provided by protein daily - Answers 10 to 35
evidence suggests that cancer of the colon. pancreas, and ovaries is connected with high consumptions
of what? - Answers red meat and processed meats
what is the process of messenger RNA being made from a template of DNA? - Answers transcription
an ounce of most protein foods delivers how many grams of protein - Answers 7 grams
which amino acid is elevated in individuals with heart disease - Answers homocysteine
rosa is on a high-protein diet. which recommendation is most appropriate for her - Answers drink plenty
of water
whey protein is a waste product from the manufacturing of - Answers cheese
what activity results from the action of hydrochloric acid on protein in the stomach - Answers
denaturation
in which way do the structures of amino acids differ from each other - Answers they each have a unique
side group
what substance converts the inactive pepsinogen to its active form, pepsin - Answers hydrochloric acid
if an essential amino acid needed to make an important protein is missing, how does the body
compensate? - Answers break down existing body proteins to supply it
, what is the outcome of amino acids if someone overeats protein and kcalories in general - Answers the
amino acids are stored as fat
what fat-formation pathway is the most efficient and direct - Answers conversion of dietary fat to body
fat
what is the key element in catabolic reactions - Answers they release energy
what is the source of the glucose needed by the brain and red blood cells when glycogen stores become
depleted after a 24-hour fast - Answers amino acids
Janelle always feels more "tipsy" than her same-sized boyfriend after drinking the same amount of
alcohol . which organ produces more alcohol dehydrogenase in men, explaining Janelle's observation -
Answers the stomach
what compound plays a pivotal role in both the first and last steps of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle -
Answers oxaloacetate
which of the following metabolic processes occurs during the first 2-3 hours of fasting - Answers glucose
is released from the liver, and fatty acids are released from the adipose tissue
mitochondria - Answers "powerhouse" of the cell
what is the alternative fuel source produced during a prolonged fast - Answers ketone bodies
glycolysis - Answers results in the formation of pyruvate
t/f: fatty acids can be used to make glucose during energy metabolism - Answers false
true statements about energy metabolism - Answers - carbohydrates, protein, and fat can be broken
down into acetyl CoA
- Acetyl CoA can enter the TCA cycle or make fat
- some amino acids, pyruvate, and glycerol can be used to make glucose
what serves as electron carriers in electron transport chain - Answers proteins
t/f: anabolic reactions convert small molecules to larger ones - Answers true
when energy-yielding nutrients are consumed in excess, what can lead to an enlargement of fat cells -
Answers fat, carbohydrate and protein
t/f" anaerobic reactions do not require energy - Answers true
what does satiation determine - Answers how much food is consumed during one meal
