Study Set On NAVLE Questions And
Answers
A 12-week-
x
old chicken from a young backyard flock is presented for evaluation because of weight loss, decrease
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
d appetite, and diarrhea.
x x x
The irises in the affected bird are lighter than normal with irregular pupillary margins, and the hen doe
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
s not have a normal pupillary light reflex . Several other young birds appear to be growing poorly com
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
pared to the rest of the flock. x x x x x x
Based on the presumptive diagnosis, how can this problem be prevented going forward?
x x x x x x x x x x x x
A - Buy only vaccinated chicks
x x x x x
B - Use only mycoplasma-resistant bloodlines for new additions to flock
x x x x x x x x x x
C - Cull birds from the same genetic line
x x x x x x x x
D- x
Collect pharyngeal swabs from affected birds; Antibiotic Rx for entire flock based on culture and sen
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
sitivity
E - Isolate unaffected animals; Breed from survivors of disease
x x x
A- x x x x x x x
Buy only vaccinated chicks. This is likely an ocular manifestation of Marek disease. There is no treat
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ment, but the problem is preventable with vaccination at hatching or before 2 weeks of age. Infiltratio
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
n of mononuclear cells turn the irises of affected chickens to a pale tan color.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
A 22-year-
x
old Thoroughbred mare is presented for bilateral green nasal discharge, retching, coughing, and inap
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
petence noted after feeding this evening. The owner recently switched the mare to a pelleted diet beca
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
use of the mare's poor dentition. Physical exam reveals bilateral green nasal discharge. The mucous m
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
embranes are pink and moist with a capillary refill time of 1.5 seconds. A slight swelling is notable in t
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
he proximal- x
left jugular groove just caudal to the vertical ramus of the mandible. Based on the most likely diagnosi
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
s, what initial therapy would be recommended?
x x
C- x x x x x
Withhold food and water; give sedatives and oxytocin; recheck in 2 hours
x x x x x x x x x x x x
This systemically stable horse has an acute esophageal obstruction. This treatment is often successful
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
in uncomplicated cases. If not resolved in 2-
x x x x x x x
4 hours, sedate to lower the head, pass a nasogastric tube, and gently lavage the esophagus with water.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
A commercial pig farm experiences an explosive outbreak of respiratory disease with high mortality,
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
primarily in young pigs under six months of age. x x x x x x x x
Affected pigs show severe respiratory distress, fever up to 107°F (41.5°C), anorexia, and reluctan
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ce to move. Some animals display open-mouth breathing with a blood-
x x x x x x x x x x
stained, frothy nasal and oral discharge. x x x x x
On necropsy, the lungs are bilaterally dark and swollen and ooze bloody fluid from the cut surface.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis?
x x x x x x x x x x
, A - Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
x x x
B - Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
x x x
C - Haemophilus parahaemolyticus
x x x
D - Fusobacterium necrophorum
x x x
E - Swine influenza
x x x
A. actinobacillus pleuropnemoniae, primarily a growing disease, mortality high if untreated
x x x x x x x x x x
A couple of days ago a client brought an 18-month-
x x x x x x x x x
old filly home from a kill pen (was headed for Mexico for slaughter). She just sent you photos of the ho
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
rse showing thick bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge and a swollen throat latch. She says that the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
horse's breathing is stertorous and loud. You are on your way to see the horse, thinking you will need t
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
o do an emergency tracheotomy first thing. What are additional preliminary recommendations based
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
on the top differential? E - Quarantine the horse; take temps on all other horses.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
This presentation is consistent with strangles, a highly contagious respiratory disease. You can confir
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
m with PCR nasal swab or drainage from abscessed lymph node. Strangles infects lymph nodes of the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
upper resp tract and the ensuing lymphadenopathy can "strangle" the horse. It first causes a fever, 24-
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
48 hrs later mucopurulent nasal discharge, and then lymph node enlargement.
x x x x x x x x x x
A five-year-x
old intact male Cocker Spaniel is presented after being hit by a car. Physical exam reveals severe lowe
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
r back pain.
x x
The dog is ambulatory but too fractious to examine reflexes or conscious proprioception.
x x x x x x x x x x x x
The dog is sedated and carefully lateral radiographs are made of the lumbar spine. The radiograph is s
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
hown below (fracture of spinous processes) .
x x x x x x
What is your diagnosis? x x x
A - Herniated discs
x x x
B - Hemivertebrae
x x
C - Spinal fracture
x x x
D - Discospondylitis
x x
E - Cauda equina syndrome C - Spinal fracture
x x x x x x x
A five-year-old lactating Holstein dairy cow is being evaluated for a two-
x x x x x x x x x x x
month history of watery diarrhea, weight loss, and decline in milk production.
x x x x x x x x x x x
On examination, the cow is bright, alert, and responsive with a good appetite, but is unthrifty and very
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
thin, with a soft intermandibular swelling. Labwork: PCV low, erythrocytes low, hemoglobin low, to
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
tal protein low, albumin low.
x x x x x
What is the most appropriate management of this herd?
x x x x x x x x
A - Quarantine the premises, review biosecurity protocols
x x x x x x x
B - Test herd, cull positives, remove calves from dam at birth
x x x x x x x x x x x
C - Treat clinical animals, spread lime on pastures
x x x x x x x x
D - Increase protein in the ration, ensure 4 L colostrum intake
x x x x x x x x x x x
E - Add coccidiostat to ration, perform liver biopsies B -
x x x x x x x x x
Test herd, cull positives, remove calves from dam at birth
x x x x x x x x x x
This is likely to be Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). There is no t
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
reatment. Test-and- x
Answers
A 12-week-
x
old chicken from a young backyard flock is presented for evaluation because of weight loss, decrease
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
d appetite, and diarrhea.
x x x
The irises in the affected bird are lighter than normal with irregular pupillary margins, and the hen doe
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
s not have a normal pupillary light reflex . Several other young birds appear to be growing poorly com
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
pared to the rest of the flock. x x x x x x
Based on the presumptive diagnosis, how can this problem be prevented going forward?
x x x x x x x x x x x x
A - Buy only vaccinated chicks
x x x x x
B - Use only mycoplasma-resistant bloodlines for new additions to flock
x x x x x x x x x x
C - Cull birds from the same genetic line
x x x x x x x x
D- x
Collect pharyngeal swabs from affected birds; Antibiotic Rx for entire flock based on culture and sen
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
sitivity
E - Isolate unaffected animals; Breed from survivors of disease
x x x
A- x x x x x x x
Buy only vaccinated chicks. This is likely an ocular manifestation of Marek disease. There is no treat
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ment, but the problem is preventable with vaccination at hatching or before 2 weeks of age. Infiltratio
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
n of mononuclear cells turn the irises of affected chickens to a pale tan color.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
A 22-year-
x
old Thoroughbred mare is presented for bilateral green nasal discharge, retching, coughing, and inap
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
petence noted after feeding this evening. The owner recently switched the mare to a pelleted diet beca
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
use of the mare's poor dentition. Physical exam reveals bilateral green nasal discharge. The mucous m
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
embranes are pink and moist with a capillary refill time of 1.5 seconds. A slight swelling is notable in t
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
he proximal- x
left jugular groove just caudal to the vertical ramus of the mandible. Based on the most likely diagnosi
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
s, what initial therapy would be recommended?
x x
C- x x x x x
Withhold food and water; give sedatives and oxytocin; recheck in 2 hours
x x x x x x x x x x x x
This systemically stable horse has an acute esophageal obstruction. This treatment is often successful
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
in uncomplicated cases. If not resolved in 2-
x x x x x x x
4 hours, sedate to lower the head, pass a nasogastric tube, and gently lavage the esophagus with water.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
A commercial pig farm experiences an explosive outbreak of respiratory disease with high mortality,
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
primarily in young pigs under six months of age. x x x x x x x x
Affected pigs show severe respiratory distress, fever up to 107°F (41.5°C), anorexia, and reluctan
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ce to move. Some animals display open-mouth breathing with a blood-
x x x x x x x x x x
stained, frothy nasal and oral discharge. x x x x x
On necropsy, the lungs are bilaterally dark and swollen and ooze bloody fluid from the cut surface.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis?
x x x x x x x x x x
, A - Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
x x x
B - Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
x x x
C - Haemophilus parahaemolyticus
x x x
D - Fusobacterium necrophorum
x x x
E - Swine influenza
x x x
A. actinobacillus pleuropnemoniae, primarily a growing disease, mortality high if untreated
x x x x x x x x x x
A couple of days ago a client brought an 18-month-
x x x x x x x x x
old filly home from a kill pen (was headed for Mexico for slaughter). She just sent you photos of the ho
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
rse showing thick bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge and a swollen throat latch. She says that the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
horse's breathing is stertorous and loud. You are on your way to see the horse, thinking you will need t
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
o do an emergency tracheotomy first thing. What are additional preliminary recommendations based
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
on the top differential? E - Quarantine the horse; take temps on all other horses.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
This presentation is consistent with strangles, a highly contagious respiratory disease. You can confir
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
m with PCR nasal swab or drainage from abscessed lymph node. Strangles infects lymph nodes of the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
upper resp tract and the ensuing lymphadenopathy can "strangle" the horse. It first causes a fever, 24-
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
48 hrs later mucopurulent nasal discharge, and then lymph node enlargement.
x x x x x x x x x x
A five-year-x
old intact male Cocker Spaniel is presented after being hit by a car. Physical exam reveals severe lowe
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
r back pain.
x x
The dog is ambulatory but too fractious to examine reflexes or conscious proprioception.
x x x x x x x x x x x x
The dog is sedated and carefully lateral radiographs are made of the lumbar spine. The radiograph is s
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
hown below (fracture of spinous processes) .
x x x x x x
What is your diagnosis? x x x
A - Herniated discs
x x x
B - Hemivertebrae
x x
C - Spinal fracture
x x x
D - Discospondylitis
x x
E - Cauda equina syndrome C - Spinal fracture
x x x x x x x
A five-year-old lactating Holstein dairy cow is being evaluated for a two-
x x x x x x x x x x x
month history of watery diarrhea, weight loss, and decline in milk production.
x x x x x x x x x x x
On examination, the cow is bright, alert, and responsive with a good appetite, but is unthrifty and very
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
thin, with a soft intermandibular swelling. Labwork: PCV low, erythrocytes low, hemoglobin low, to
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
tal protein low, albumin low.
x x x x x
What is the most appropriate management of this herd?
x x x x x x x x
A - Quarantine the premises, review biosecurity protocols
x x x x x x x
B - Test herd, cull positives, remove calves from dam at birth
x x x x x x x x x x x
C - Treat clinical animals, spread lime on pastures
x x x x x x x x
D - Increase protein in the ration, ensure 4 L colostrum intake
x x x x x x x x x x x
E - Add coccidiostat to ration, perform liver biopsies B -
x x x x x x x x x
Test herd, cull positives, remove calves from dam at birth
x x x x x x x x x x
This is likely to be Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). There is no t
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
reatment. Test-and- x
