NR565 / NR 565 Final Exam Practice Questions |Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals with Verified Answers | 100% Correct- Chamberlain.

NR565 / NR 565 Final Exam Practice i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




Questions |Advanced Pharmacology i,- i,- i,-




Fundamentals with Verified Answers | i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




100% Correct- Chamberlain. i,- i,-




When should insulin be considered?
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persistent hyperglycemia starting at a threshold of >180.
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Early introduction of insulin should be considered if there is
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evidence of ongoing weight loss, if symptoms of hyperglycemia
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are present, or whenA1C levels >10% or BGS >300
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At what time interval should A1c be re-checked?
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How often should an A1C be monitored when stable or when
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unstable? Every 2-3 months and max of 4 times a year. If <7,
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every 6 months. i,- i,-




At least two times a year if meeting goals and quarterly if meds
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have changed or not meeting goals.
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Action of Insulin Anabolic, energy conservation, promotes
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cellular growth and division. i,- i,- i,-

,Pioglitazone contraindications: Heart failure (severe = no,
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mild = caution) and bladder cancer. Causes fluid retention.
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GLP-1 (abbreviation and examples)
i,- Glucagonlike Peptide - i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



Subcutaneous injections - Dulaglutide (Trulicity), Semaglutide i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



(Ozempic), Liraglutide (Victoza). i,- i,-




SGLT2i (abbreviation and examples)
i,- Sodium Glucose i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,-



Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors - Canagliflozin (Invokana), i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



Dapagliflozin (Farxiga), Empagliflozin (Jardiance). i,- i,- i,-




DPP4-I (abbreviation and examples)
i,- Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,-



Inhibitors - Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin, Alogliptin.
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TZD (abbreviation and examples)
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Rosiglitazone & Pioglitazone i,- i,-




Which drug class should be considered for diabetes prior to
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insulin? It is recommended that a GLP-1 be considered
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before starting insulin. Metformin first always unless
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contraindicated.


Ratio of basal insulin to rapid-acting insulin in total daily dose
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(TDD) of insulin
i,- Basal and bolus insulin replacement
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,encompasses approximately 50% of the total daily insulin dose i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-



(TDD)


Example: TDD = patient's weight in kg (80kg) x 0.6 units = 48
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units. That means 24 units of the TDD is the basal insulin dose
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and the other 24 units is rapid-acting.
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How is total daily dose (TDD) of insulin calculated
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calculated by taking the total weight in kg and multiply by 0.6
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units.


What labs are used to diagnose hypo/hyper thyroid?
i,- TSH, T3,
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and T4. High TSH = hypo and low TSH = hyper. Opposites.
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Timeframe for re-check of labs after starting levothyroxine i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- 6-
8 weeks (long half-life). Yearly after stable.
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Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism
i,- Dry hair, puffy face,
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goiter in the neck, slow heartbeat, weight gain, constipation,
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infertility, increased risk of miscarriages, irregular menstrual cycle,
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cold intolerance.
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Drug of choice for hypothyroidism
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Levothyroxine (Synthroid) i,-

, § Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism
i,- i,- Hair loss, bulging
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eyes, goiter, rapid heartbeat, weight loss, diarrhea, menstrual
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periods loss often or longer.
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Drug of choice for hyperthyroidism
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- Methimazole (Tapazole) i,-




Treatment of thyroid storm high doses of potassium iodide
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or strong iodine solution are given to suppress thyroid hormone
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release. Methimazole is given to suppress thyroid hormone
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synthesis. Beta blocker given to reduce HR. additional measures
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include sedation, cooling, and giving glucocorticoids and IV fluids.
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Result of not treating hypothyroidism during pregnancy:
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Permanent neuro-psychological deficits in the child. Decrease
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IQ/neuropsychological function. First trimester. i,- i,- i,-




Medication to treat symptoms of hyperthyroidism (notice this is
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treating symptoms and not the hyperthyroidism itself):
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blockers (tachycardia) - propranolol/atenolol most popular.Non-
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radioactive iodine. ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY. i,- i,- i,-