Geology,Chapter 7(Quizzes & solns)24/25(DINSTINCTION)

Sandstone is defined by being mostly or wholly composed of _____-sized grains. - answer-sand A formation is defined as ____. - answer-A rock unit that is distinct and laterally traceable Which of these rock types are clastic sedimentary rocks? - answer-- conglomerate - sandstone - shale Match the resource found in sedimentary rocks with its most common, current societal use. - answer-- groundwater: fresh supplies essential to life - petroleum: transportation and energy - coal: electrical energy - salt: food, medicine, industry - limestone (cement): construction Clastic sedimentary rocks are classified primarily on the basis of _____. - answer-sediment size A(n) _____ occurs when the sea retreats because sea level drops and/or land is uplifted. - answer-regression Match the environmental depositional shift to its correct description. - answer-Transgression: - the sea moves inland - facies shift towards land Regression: - facies shift away from land - the sea moves out Breccia and conglomerate are the coarsest types of sedimentary rocks. Match the rock type to the shape of clast. - answer-Breccia: angular clasts Conglomerate: rounded clasts Rank the particle sizes from smallest to largest. - answer-1.) clay 2.) silt 3.) sand 4.) pebble 5.) cobble 6.) boulder Which of these resources are contained in sedimentary rocks? - answer-- salt - water - coal - uranium As boulders are moved downstream and weathering breaks them into smaller clasts, they first become cobbles, then pebbles, and finally _____ or smaller particles. - answer-sand Sedimentary rocks are usually comprised of material that comes primarily from _____. - answer-other locations Geologists use characteristics such as bedding, mudcracks, and color preserved in sedimentary rocks to determine _____. - answer-the environment in which the rocks were deposited What are the three types of beds formed by sedimentary layers? - answer-- cross - graded - parallel _____ is the term used to describe the size range of clasts in a sedimentary deposit or rock. - answer-Sorting Loose sand on the continental shelf or shelf slope that becomes unstable and flows downslope as a thick slurry of sediment and water is known as _____. - answer-a turbidity current Limestone and other related sedimentary rocks are also called _____ rocks because they are composed of carbonate ions bonded to other elements. - answer-carbonate Fluvial refers to _____. - answer-the processes and sediment of streams and rivers Match the sedimentary environment to the description that best fits it. - answer-- mountain: steep gradients, vigorous erosion, and fluvial systems confined by bedrock - dry climates: wind moving sand and fine particles and forming large sand dunes - delta: formed by sediments piling up where a river enters a standing body of water - wet environments: soil saturated by water with vegetation adding to the available sediment Match the predominant sediment size to its rock type. - answer-- silt: siltstone - clay: shale - silt mixed with clay: mudstone Identify from the following list possible environments or conditions that can lead to the formation of clay or silt deposits - answer-- chemical weathering of soils - windblown material generated by glaciers - floodplains of river systems - bottoms of lakes Loose sediment h