All of AQA GCSE Biology (9-1) - Paper 1
What are the two types of microscopes? - ANS -Light Microscope
Electron Microscope
What is the magnifying power of a light microscope? - ANS -x 2,000
What is the magnifying power of an electron microscope? - ANS -x 2,000,000
What is the resolving power? - ANS -The ability to distinguish between two separate points
What is the resolving power of light microscopes? - ANS -200 nm
What is the resolving power of electron microscopes? - ANS -0.2 nm
What are the advantages of light microscopes? - ANS -1. living samples
2. can view samples in colour
What are the disadvantages of electron microscopes? - ANS -1. dead samples
2. samples in black and white
What can they do with electron microscopes to make them coloured? - ANS -Dye them or
colour them in
How do you work out magnification? - ANS -Image size / Object size
How do you work out image size? - ANS -Magnification x Object size
How do you work out object size? - ANS -Image size / Magnification
How do you convert cm to mm? - ANS -x 10
How do you convert um (micrometres) to mm? - ANS -/ 1000
How do you convert mm to um (micrometres)? - ANS -x 1000
What does an animal cell contain? - ANS -Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Ribosomes, Mitochondrion,
Cell Membrane
Where is the nucleus located in an animal cell? - ANS -The centre
,What does the nucleus do? - ANS -It controls the activities of the cell
What is the role of the cytoplasm? - ANS -Where chemical reactions take place
Does an animal cell have a cell wall? - ANS -No, it does not
What is the role of the cell membrane? - ANS -Controls the ENTRY and EXIT of SUBSTANCES
inside the cell
What is the role of mitochondria/on? - ANS -Creates energy by aerobic respiration
What does aerobic respiration mean? - ANS -It requires oxygen
What is the role of ribosomes? - ANS -Where protein synthesis takes place
What kind of shape is a plant cell? - ANS -Rectangular
What kind of shape is an animal cell? - ANS -Circular
What does a plant cell contain? - ANS -Chloroplast
Starch grain
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
What is the role of the cell wall? - ANS -Supports and protects the cell
What is the role of the vacuole? - ANS -contains cell sap
Why is a plant cell rectangular? - ANS -Due to the cell wall - strong
Where is the nucleus placed in a plant cell? - ANS -In one corner/side
What is the role of chloroplasts? - ANS -Full of a pigment called chlorophyll
This is where photosynthesis takes place
What are bacteria responsible for? - ANS -Diseases such as tuberculosis, cholera.
What does a bacterial cell contain? - ANS -Pilli
Plasmid
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
, Plasma membrane
Cell wall
Capsule
Bacterial Flagellum
Nucleoid - circular DNA
What is the purpose of a flagella to a bacterial cell? - ANS -Helps it to move
What is the crucial thing about a bacterial cell? - ANS -There is no distinct nucleus - have
nucleoid instead
What is a plasmid? - ANS -Genetic information
What is the purpose of dendrites on a nerve cell? - ANS -Allows the cells to make lots of
connections with other cells
Why do nerve cells have such a long axon? - ANS -It forms the length of the neurone
It carries the nerve impulse from one place to another
Are nerve cells active? - ANS -Yes, they are very active cells and need lots of energy
Why do nerve cells have a lot of mitochondria? - ANS -To release energy in respiration
What is a synapse? - ANS -Gaps between neurones
What happens at a synapse? - ANS -Electrical impulses are converted into chemical impulses
What do muscle cells contain? - ANS -Special proteins which can slide over each other when
muscles contract
Why do muscle cells need a lot of mitochondria? - ANS -They are very active cells and are
always contracting so they need energy provided by mitochondria for muscle contraction.
How do muscles store glucose? - ANS -In the form of glycogen
What is glycogen? - ANS -The storage compound of glucose
Why is glycogen used? - ANS -So when more energy is needed, this substance can be broken
down to carry out respiration
What is the function of a whiplash tail on sperm cells? - ANS -It allows the sperm to swim
What does the central portion of sperm cells contain? - ANS -Lots of mitochondria which
release energy in respiration
What are the two types of microscopes? - ANS -Light Microscope
Electron Microscope
What is the magnifying power of a light microscope? - ANS -x 2,000
What is the magnifying power of an electron microscope? - ANS -x 2,000,000
What is the resolving power? - ANS -The ability to distinguish between two separate points
What is the resolving power of light microscopes? - ANS -200 nm
What is the resolving power of electron microscopes? - ANS -0.2 nm
What are the advantages of light microscopes? - ANS -1. living samples
2. can view samples in colour
What are the disadvantages of electron microscopes? - ANS -1. dead samples
2. samples in black and white
What can they do with electron microscopes to make them coloured? - ANS -Dye them or
colour them in
How do you work out magnification? - ANS -Image size / Object size
How do you work out image size? - ANS -Magnification x Object size
How do you work out object size? - ANS -Image size / Magnification
How do you convert cm to mm? - ANS -x 10
How do you convert um (micrometres) to mm? - ANS -/ 1000
How do you convert mm to um (micrometres)? - ANS -x 1000
What does an animal cell contain? - ANS -Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Ribosomes, Mitochondrion,
Cell Membrane
Where is the nucleus located in an animal cell? - ANS -The centre
,What does the nucleus do? - ANS -It controls the activities of the cell
What is the role of the cytoplasm? - ANS -Where chemical reactions take place
Does an animal cell have a cell wall? - ANS -No, it does not
What is the role of the cell membrane? - ANS -Controls the ENTRY and EXIT of SUBSTANCES
inside the cell
What is the role of mitochondria/on? - ANS -Creates energy by aerobic respiration
What does aerobic respiration mean? - ANS -It requires oxygen
What is the role of ribosomes? - ANS -Where protein synthesis takes place
What kind of shape is a plant cell? - ANS -Rectangular
What kind of shape is an animal cell? - ANS -Circular
What does a plant cell contain? - ANS -Chloroplast
Starch grain
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
What is the role of the cell wall? - ANS -Supports and protects the cell
What is the role of the vacuole? - ANS -contains cell sap
Why is a plant cell rectangular? - ANS -Due to the cell wall - strong
Where is the nucleus placed in a plant cell? - ANS -In one corner/side
What is the role of chloroplasts? - ANS -Full of a pigment called chlorophyll
This is where photosynthesis takes place
What are bacteria responsible for? - ANS -Diseases such as tuberculosis, cholera.
What does a bacterial cell contain? - ANS -Pilli
Plasmid
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
, Plasma membrane
Cell wall
Capsule
Bacterial Flagellum
Nucleoid - circular DNA
What is the purpose of a flagella to a bacterial cell? - ANS -Helps it to move
What is the crucial thing about a bacterial cell? - ANS -There is no distinct nucleus - have
nucleoid instead
What is a plasmid? - ANS -Genetic information
What is the purpose of dendrites on a nerve cell? - ANS -Allows the cells to make lots of
connections with other cells
Why do nerve cells have such a long axon? - ANS -It forms the length of the neurone
It carries the nerve impulse from one place to another
Are nerve cells active? - ANS -Yes, they are very active cells and need lots of energy
Why do nerve cells have a lot of mitochondria? - ANS -To release energy in respiration
What is a synapse? - ANS -Gaps between neurones
What happens at a synapse? - ANS -Electrical impulses are converted into chemical impulses
What do muscle cells contain? - ANS -Special proteins which can slide over each other when
muscles contract
Why do muscle cells need a lot of mitochondria? - ANS -They are very active cells and are
always contracting so they need energy provided by mitochondria for muscle contraction.
How do muscles store glucose? - ANS -In the form of glycogen
What is glycogen? - ANS -The storage compound of glucose
Why is glycogen used? - ANS -So when more energy is needed, this substance can be broken
down to carry out respiration
What is the function of a whiplash tail on sperm cells? - ANS -It allows the sperm to swim
What does the central portion of sperm cells contain? - ANS -Lots of mitochondria which
release energy in respiration
