, CONTENTS
Preface to the International Edition vii Cardiovascular Anatomy 696
Cardiovascular Disorders 716
Preface to the South Asian Edition ix
LIVER, BILE DUCTS, PANCREAS AND SPLEEN
Contributors xi
Differential Diagnosis of Hepatic, Biliary, Pancreatic
Abbreviations xv and Splenic Disorders 800
Anatomy of Liver, Bile Ducts, Pancreas and Spleen 822
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Disorders of Liver, Biliary Tract, Pancreas and Spleen 835
Differential Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Disorders 1
Anatomy and Metabolism of Bone 36 ABDOMEN AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Bone and Soft-Tissue Disorders 58 Differential Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal
Disorders 932
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Anatomy and Function of Abdomen and
Differential Diagnosis of Skull and Spine Disorders 219 Gastrointestinal Tract 975
Anatomy of Skull and Spine 241 Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Disorders 988
Skull and Spine Disorders 251
Differential Diagnosis of Nervous System Disorders 293 UROGENITAL TRACT
Anatomy of the Nervous System 321 Differential Diagnosis of Urogenital Disorders 1097
Nervous System Disorders 337 Anatomy and Function of Urogenital Tract 1130
Renal, Adrenal, Ureteral, Vesical, and Scrotal Disorders 1141
ORBIT
Differential Diagnosis of Orbital and Ocular Disorders 425 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Anatomy of Orbit 431 Differential Diagnosis of Obstetric and Gynecologic
Orbital and Ocular Disorders 434 Disorders 1244
Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive
EAR, NOSE AND THROAT System 1270
Differential Diagnosis of Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders 452 Radiology Considerations for Mother & Fetus & Neonate 1285
Anatomy and Function of Neck Organs 470 Obstetric and Gynecologic Disorders 1288
Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders 490
GENERAL RADIOLOGY
CHEST Nuclear Medicine 1342
Differential Diagnosis of Chest Disorders 529 Statistics 1377
Anatomy and Function of Lung 580 Contrast Media, Nephrotoxicity, Premedication,
Chest Disorders 590 Control of Heart Rate 1381
BREAST Sedation, Analgesia, Local Anesthesia 1389
Differential Diagnosis of Breast Disorders 617 Treatment of Adverse Contrast Reactions – Endpaper A 1393
Breast Anatomy and Mammographic Technique 632
Breast Disorders 638 Treatment of Adverse Contrast Reactions – Endpaper B 1394
HEART AND GREAT VESSELS LIST OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 1395
Differential Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disorders 668 INDEX 1407
,
, ABBREVIATIONS
√ radiologic sign AMA antimitochondrial antibody
• clinical sign, symptom AML acute myeloblastic leukemia; angiomyolipoma
= equals, is aML anterior mitral valve leaflet
≠ is not AMLs angiomyolipomas
@ at anatomic location of ANA antinuclear antibodies
/ or, per ANCA antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies
+ and, plus, with Angio angiography
± with or without ANT anterior
< less than Ao aorta
> more than, over AP anteroposterior;
› separation of points arterial phase;
» method alkaline phosphatase
◊ important comment APA aldosterone producing adenoma
→ leads to, is followed by aPL-ab antiphospholipid antibody
← due to, 2° to, caused by approx. approximately
↑ increased APUD amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation
⇑ much increased APUDomas endocrine cells tumors
↓ decreased APVR anomalous pulmonary venous return
⇓ much decreased APW absolute percentage washout
↔ unchanged ARA-C arabinoside C
~ about, approximately ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome
÷ ratio ARF acute renal failure
1° primary AS aortic stenosis
2° secondary ASA acetylsalicylic acid
2-D two-dimensional ASD atrial septal defect
3-D three-dimensional ASH asymmetric septal hypertrophy
5-HIAA 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid AST aspartate aminotransferase
ATN acute tubular necrosis
aa. arteries ATP adenosine triphosphate
AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm AV arteriovenous;
AAAs abdominal aortic aneurysms atrioventricular
AASLD American Association for the Study of Liver AVF arteriovenous fistula
Diseases AVM arteriovenous malformation
ABC aneurysmal bone cyst AVMs arteriovenous malformations
ABER abduction + external rotation AVN avascular necrosis
ABI ankle-brachial index AVNA atrioventricular node artery
ABO blood group
ABR American Board of Radiology Ba barium
AC abdominal circumference BAH bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
ACA anterior cerebral artery BAL bronchoalveolar lavage
ACE angiotensin I–converting enzyme BALT bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue
ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor BCG bacille Calmette-Guérin
ACL anterior cruciate ligament BCNU bis-chloronitrosourea
aCom anterior communicating artery BDI basion-dens interval
ACR American College of Radiology BE barium enema
ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone BF blood flow
ADC apparent diffusion coefficient b.i.d. bis in die, Latin = twice per day
ADH antidiuretic hormone; BIDA butyl iminodiacetic acid
atypical ductal hyperplasia BI-RADS Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System
ADPKD adult polycystic kidney disease BIH benign intracranial hypertension
AF-AFP amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein BKG background
AFI amniotic fluid index BKGcounts background counts
AFP alpha-fetoprotein BLC biceps-labral complex
AICA anterior inferior cerebellar artery BLL benign lymphoepithelial lesions
AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome BMD bone marrow density
AIP acute interstitial pneumonia BOOP bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer BP blood pressure
ALARA as low as reasonably achievable BPD biparietal diameter
AlkaPhos alkaline phosphatase BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia
ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia bpm beats per minute
ALPSA anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion BPP biophysical profile
ALSA aberrant left subclavian artery Bq Becquerel (1 Bq = one nucleus decays per sec)
ALT alanine aminotransferase BRCA breast cancer suppressor gene
Preface to the International Edition vii Cardiovascular Anatomy 696
Cardiovascular Disorders 716
Preface to the South Asian Edition ix
LIVER, BILE DUCTS, PANCREAS AND SPLEEN
Contributors xi
Differential Diagnosis of Hepatic, Biliary, Pancreatic
Abbreviations xv and Splenic Disorders 800
Anatomy of Liver, Bile Ducts, Pancreas and Spleen 822
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Disorders of Liver, Biliary Tract, Pancreas and Spleen 835
Differential Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Disorders 1
Anatomy and Metabolism of Bone 36 ABDOMEN AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Bone and Soft-Tissue Disorders 58 Differential Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal
Disorders 932
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Anatomy and Function of Abdomen and
Differential Diagnosis of Skull and Spine Disorders 219 Gastrointestinal Tract 975
Anatomy of Skull and Spine 241 Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Disorders 988
Skull and Spine Disorders 251
Differential Diagnosis of Nervous System Disorders 293 UROGENITAL TRACT
Anatomy of the Nervous System 321 Differential Diagnosis of Urogenital Disorders 1097
Nervous System Disorders 337 Anatomy and Function of Urogenital Tract 1130
Renal, Adrenal, Ureteral, Vesical, and Scrotal Disorders 1141
ORBIT
Differential Diagnosis of Orbital and Ocular Disorders 425 OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Anatomy of Orbit 431 Differential Diagnosis of Obstetric and Gynecologic
Orbital and Ocular Disorders 434 Disorders 1244
Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive
EAR, NOSE AND THROAT System 1270
Differential Diagnosis of Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders 452 Radiology Considerations for Mother & Fetus & Neonate 1285
Anatomy and Function of Neck Organs 470 Obstetric and Gynecologic Disorders 1288
Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders 490
GENERAL RADIOLOGY
CHEST Nuclear Medicine 1342
Differential Diagnosis of Chest Disorders 529 Statistics 1377
Anatomy and Function of Lung 580 Contrast Media, Nephrotoxicity, Premedication,
Chest Disorders 590 Control of Heart Rate 1381
BREAST Sedation, Analgesia, Local Anesthesia 1389
Differential Diagnosis of Breast Disorders 617 Treatment of Adverse Contrast Reactions – Endpaper A 1393
Breast Anatomy and Mammographic Technique 632
Breast Disorders 638 Treatment of Adverse Contrast Reactions – Endpaper B 1394
HEART AND GREAT VESSELS LIST OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 1395
Differential Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disorders 668 INDEX 1407
,
, ABBREVIATIONS
√ radiologic sign AMA antimitochondrial antibody
• clinical sign, symptom AML acute myeloblastic leukemia; angiomyolipoma
= equals, is aML anterior mitral valve leaflet
≠ is not AMLs angiomyolipomas
@ at anatomic location of ANA antinuclear antibodies
/ or, per ANCA antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies
+ and, plus, with Angio angiography
± with or without ANT anterior
< less than Ao aorta
> more than, over AP anteroposterior;
› separation of points arterial phase;
» method alkaline phosphatase
◊ important comment APA aldosterone producing adenoma
→ leads to, is followed by aPL-ab antiphospholipid antibody
← due to, 2° to, caused by approx. approximately
↑ increased APUD amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation
⇑ much increased APUDomas endocrine cells tumors
↓ decreased APVR anomalous pulmonary venous return
⇓ much decreased APW absolute percentage washout
↔ unchanged ARA-C arabinoside C
~ about, approximately ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome
÷ ratio ARF acute renal failure
1° primary AS aortic stenosis
2° secondary ASA acetylsalicylic acid
2-D two-dimensional ASD atrial septal defect
3-D three-dimensional ASH asymmetric septal hypertrophy
5-HIAA 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid AST aspartate aminotransferase
ATN acute tubular necrosis
aa. arteries ATP adenosine triphosphate
AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm AV arteriovenous;
AAAs abdominal aortic aneurysms atrioventricular
AASLD American Association for the Study of Liver AVF arteriovenous fistula
Diseases AVM arteriovenous malformation
ABC aneurysmal bone cyst AVMs arteriovenous malformations
ABER abduction + external rotation AVN avascular necrosis
ABI ankle-brachial index AVNA atrioventricular node artery
ABO blood group
ABR American Board of Radiology Ba barium
AC abdominal circumference BAH bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
ACA anterior cerebral artery BAL bronchoalveolar lavage
ACE angiotensin I–converting enzyme BALT bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue
ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor BCG bacille Calmette-Guérin
ACL anterior cruciate ligament BCNU bis-chloronitrosourea
aCom anterior communicating artery BDI basion-dens interval
ACR American College of Radiology BE barium enema
ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone BF blood flow
ADC apparent diffusion coefficient b.i.d. bis in die, Latin = twice per day
ADH antidiuretic hormone; BIDA butyl iminodiacetic acid
atypical ductal hyperplasia BI-RADS Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System
ADPKD adult polycystic kidney disease BIH benign intracranial hypertension
AF-AFP amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein BKG background
AFI amniotic fluid index BKGcounts background counts
AFP alpha-fetoprotein BLC biceps-labral complex
AICA anterior inferior cerebellar artery BLL benign lymphoepithelial lesions
AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome BMD bone marrow density
AIP acute interstitial pneumonia BOOP bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer BP blood pressure
ALARA as low as reasonably achievable BPD biparietal diameter
AlkaPhos alkaline phosphatase BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia
ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia bpm beats per minute
ALPSA anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion BPP biophysical profile
ALSA aberrant left subclavian artery Bq Becquerel (1 Bq = one nucleus decays per sec)
ALT alanine aminotransferase BRCA breast cancer suppressor gene
