1 | Page
APEA- Pharm Cardiovascular Questions
and Correct Answers/ Latest Update /
Already Graded
The side effect profile of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is
similar to the side effects of:
angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors.
beta-blockers.
calcium channel blockers.
pressors.
Ans: angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors.
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) is indicated for the treatment of:
acute angina.
chronic angina.
myocardial infarction.
esophageal spasm.
,2 | Page
Ans: chronic angina.
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) titradose tablets are indicated for the
prevention of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. The onset of
action of immediate-release oral isosorbide dinitrate is not sufficiently
rapid for this product to be useful in aborting an acute anginal episode.
Therefore, it is not indicated in the treatment of acute angina and
myocardial infarction. The treatment of esophageal spasms disorders is an
off-label use.
Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (i.e. verapamil) may
be safely used in patients with:
heart failure.
bradycardia.
second-degree AV block.
chronic stable angina.
,3 | Page
Ans: chronic stable angina.
Non-dihydropyridine CCBs (non-DHP CCB; i.e. verapamil [Calan] and
diltiazem [Cardizem]) have negative chronotropic and inotropic effects.
Therefore, they slow down heart rate and decrease force of ventricular
contractions. Non-DHP CCBs are contraindicated in patients with heart
failure who have reduced ejection fraction, sick sinus syndrome, and
second- or third-degree atrioventricular block. Since non-DHP CCBs
increase myocardial blood flow by dilating coronary arteries, they are
beneficial in patients with chronic stable angina.
Patients who are started on olmesartan (Benicar) should be advised
to report:
bladder spasms and dysuria.
constipation and weakness.
diarrhea and weight loss.
metallic taste and easy bruising.
, 4 | Page
Ans: diarrhea and weight loss.
Patients should be advised to report persistent chronic diarrhea and
weight loss while taking olmesartan medoxomil (Benicar). This drug can
produce a sprue-like enteropathy characterized by severe chronic
diarrhea and weight loss occurring months to years after initiation of the
drug. Benicar is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Once other
etiologies have been excluded, discontinue Benicar and consider an
alternative hypertension treatment.
The medication that produces vasodilation and thus lowers blood
pressure by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II is:
amlodipine (Norvasc).
losartan (Cozaar).
enalapril (Vasotec).
metoprolol (Lopressor).
APEA- Pharm Cardiovascular Questions
and Correct Answers/ Latest Update /
Already Graded
The side effect profile of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is
similar to the side effects of:
angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors.
beta-blockers.
calcium channel blockers.
pressors.
Ans: angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors.
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) is indicated for the treatment of:
acute angina.
chronic angina.
myocardial infarction.
esophageal spasm.
,2 | Page
Ans: chronic angina.
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) titradose tablets are indicated for the
prevention of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. The onset of
action of immediate-release oral isosorbide dinitrate is not sufficiently
rapid for this product to be useful in aborting an acute anginal episode.
Therefore, it is not indicated in the treatment of acute angina and
myocardial infarction. The treatment of esophageal spasms disorders is an
off-label use.
Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (i.e. verapamil) may
be safely used in patients with:
heart failure.
bradycardia.
second-degree AV block.
chronic stable angina.
,3 | Page
Ans: chronic stable angina.
Non-dihydropyridine CCBs (non-DHP CCB; i.e. verapamil [Calan] and
diltiazem [Cardizem]) have negative chronotropic and inotropic effects.
Therefore, they slow down heart rate and decrease force of ventricular
contractions. Non-DHP CCBs are contraindicated in patients with heart
failure who have reduced ejection fraction, sick sinus syndrome, and
second- or third-degree atrioventricular block. Since non-DHP CCBs
increase myocardial blood flow by dilating coronary arteries, they are
beneficial in patients with chronic stable angina.
Patients who are started on olmesartan (Benicar) should be advised
to report:
bladder spasms and dysuria.
constipation and weakness.
diarrhea and weight loss.
metallic taste and easy bruising.
, 4 | Page
Ans: diarrhea and weight loss.
Patients should be advised to report persistent chronic diarrhea and
weight loss while taking olmesartan medoxomil (Benicar). This drug can
produce a sprue-like enteropathy characterized by severe chronic
diarrhea and weight loss occurring months to years after initiation of the
drug. Benicar is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Once other
etiologies have been excluded, discontinue Benicar and consider an
alternative hypertension treatment.
The medication that produces vasodilation and thus lowers blood
pressure by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II is:
amlodipine (Norvasc).
losartan (Cozaar).
enalapril (Vasotec).
metoprolol (Lopressor).
