CDM 1 Exam 1
Role of the Pharmacist
- medication procurement
- dispensing medications
- patient education
- monitoring medication effectiveness & safety
Definition: Social Determinants of Health
social & environmental conditions that affect health and quality of life risks and outcomes
ex. income, education, park accessibility, health coverage
Prejudice: preconceived opinion not based on reason or experience
Bigotry: intolerance towards those w/ different opinions
Discrimination: unjust treatment of different categories of people, especially relating to race,
age, sex
Racism: prejudice directed on basis of membership of race
Implicit Bias: attitudes that affect understanding, actions, and decisions in unconscious manner
Goals of Pharmacy Services
1. Prevent a disease
2. Cure a disease
3. Reduce / eliminate symptoms
4. Slow progression of disease
Involves IDing, resolving, and preventing DRPs
Transitions of Care Implications
poorly coordinated they cause:
- medication discrepancies
- adverse events
- readmissions
,- higher costs
The JCPP PPCP
1. Collect
2. Assess
3. Plan
4. Implement
5. Follow up (Monitor & Evaluate)
PPCP: Collect Summary
- PMH
- med rec.
- labs
- S/O info
- pt lifestyle, habits, beliefs
- socioeconomic factors
PPCP: Assess Summary
interpret clinical data
- ID problems & developed prioritized problem list
- risk factors
- pt specific outcomes
- cultural factors
- access to medications
- preventative health
PPCP: Plan Summary
- address problems and make recommendations (use EBM)
,- ID goals of therapy to achieve clinical outcomes
PPCP: Implement Summary
communicate/ document plan
- start, modify, dc therapy
- pt education
- preventative care strategies
PPCP: Follow up (M&E) Summary
- monitor clinical endpoints (ex. BP, glucose, TGs, etc)
- monitor outcomes of care/ goals
- re-eval at every encounter (ensure it's still appropriate)
SOAP
used for writing progress notes
S: subjective info
O: objective info
A: assessment and clinical opinion abt problem based on S/O
- look for current & potential problems
- rationale for tx recommendation (EBM)
P: appropriate plan for each problem according to data
- concise
- DO NOT include rationale for recommendation (belongs in A section)
, Medication Reconciliation Process
comparing meds at TOC to avoid omissions, duplications, dosing errors, DIs, etc
1. Review pt chart
2. Contact preferred pharmacy(s) - for med list, fill dates, etc.
3. Interview Pt - for med list, adherence, SE complaints, education, etc
4. Communicate to others
Commonly Added Hospital Meds
PRNs
- antacids
- analgesics
- bowel reg
- cough suppressants
- sleep aids
Prophylaxis
- DVT ppx
- stress ulcer ppx
Temperature
97.8 - 99.1 F
36.5 - 37.2 C
Blood Pressure
90-120
___________
60-80
Heart Rate
60-100 bpm
Role of the Pharmacist
- medication procurement
- dispensing medications
- patient education
- monitoring medication effectiveness & safety
Definition: Social Determinants of Health
social & environmental conditions that affect health and quality of life risks and outcomes
ex. income, education, park accessibility, health coverage
Prejudice: preconceived opinion not based on reason or experience
Bigotry: intolerance towards those w/ different opinions
Discrimination: unjust treatment of different categories of people, especially relating to race,
age, sex
Racism: prejudice directed on basis of membership of race
Implicit Bias: attitudes that affect understanding, actions, and decisions in unconscious manner
Goals of Pharmacy Services
1. Prevent a disease
2. Cure a disease
3. Reduce / eliminate symptoms
4. Slow progression of disease
Involves IDing, resolving, and preventing DRPs
Transitions of Care Implications
poorly coordinated they cause:
- medication discrepancies
- adverse events
- readmissions
,- higher costs
The JCPP PPCP
1. Collect
2. Assess
3. Plan
4. Implement
5. Follow up (Monitor & Evaluate)
PPCP: Collect Summary
- PMH
- med rec.
- labs
- S/O info
- pt lifestyle, habits, beliefs
- socioeconomic factors
PPCP: Assess Summary
interpret clinical data
- ID problems & developed prioritized problem list
- risk factors
- pt specific outcomes
- cultural factors
- access to medications
- preventative health
PPCP: Plan Summary
- address problems and make recommendations (use EBM)
,- ID goals of therapy to achieve clinical outcomes
PPCP: Implement Summary
communicate/ document plan
- start, modify, dc therapy
- pt education
- preventative care strategies
PPCP: Follow up (M&E) Summary
- monitor clinical endpoints (ex. BP, glucose, TGs, etc)
- monitor outcomes of care/ goals
- re-eval at every encounter (ensure it's still appropriate)
SOAP
used for writing progress notes
S: subjective info
O: objective info
A: assessment and clinical opinion abt problem based on S/O
- look for current & potential problems
- rationale for tx recommendation (EBM)
P: appropriate plan for each problem according to data
- concise
- DO NOT include rationale for recommendation (belongs in A section)
, Medication Reconciliation Process
comparing meds at TOC to avoid omissions, duplications, dosing errors, DIs, etc
1. Review pt chart
2. Contact preferred pharmacy(s) - for med list, fill dates, etc.
3. Interview Pt - for med list, adherence, SE complaints, education, etc
4. Communicate to others
Commonly Added Hospital Meds
PRNs
- antacids
- analgesics
- bowel reg
- cough suppressants
- sleep aids
Prophylaxis
- DVT ppx
- stress ulcer ppx
Temperature
97.8 - 99.1 F
36.5 - 37.2 C
Blood Pressure
90-120
___________
60-80
Heart Rate
60-100 bpm
