NURS550 MIDTERM EXAM
QIESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
regurgitant murmur - Answer-A murmur produced by backflow of blood across an
incompetent valve
Stenotic murmurs - Answer-(occurs when a valve is open)
• Prevents adequate forward flow through thick, stiff valves
• Causes harsh murmurs
OLDCART - Answer-Onset
Location
Duration
Characteristics
Aggravating factors
Relieving factors
Treatment
systolic murmur - Answer-heart murmur heard during systole (active pumping), able to
feel and hear the murmur and the same time
Diastolic murmurs - Answer-you feel the carotid pulse and hear the murmur at different
times
S2 split - Answer-can occur during inspiration and are usually not audible, caused when
the closure of the aortic valve and the closure of the pulmonary value are not
synchronized
arterial insufficiency - Answer-decreased or absent pulses, no edema, cold skin, skin
pallor with elevation/duskly red rubber on dependence, shiny skin, ulcer
chronic venous insufficiency - Answer-varicose veins, trauma, report of edema, report of
non-healing ulcers, may report mild pain in lower extremities on dependence, thick skin,
ulcer with pink base
Allen's Test (wrist) - Answer-hand relaxed, supported in supination, examiner
compresses both arteries at the wrist while client clenches hand several time. with the
patients hand open the examiner releases pressure on the radial artery. (normal hand
coloration should return in less than 5 seconds) repeat test releasing pressure from
, ulnar artery. positive is un-normal coloration in hand and refill time greater than 5
seconds
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) normal - Answer->0.9
Mild ABI - Answer-0.60- 0.89
Moderate ABI - Answer-0.40-0.59
Severe ABI range - Answer-<0.39
Troponin levels - Answer-proteins released after MI; levels rise 3-6 hours after onset of
symptoms, test taken in ER.
normal troponin level - Answer-0.04-0.39, anything about 0.40mL is highly likely to be
MI
Costocondritis - Answer-Irritation of the ribs/muscles and bones causing CP and
worsened by pressing/palpating on the sternum
ACS (acute coronary syndrome) - Answer-group of conditions caused by decreased
blood flow through the coronary arteries (STEMI, NSTEMI, unstable angina)
Normal BMI range - Answer-18.5-25
Underweight BMI - Answer-<18.5
Obese BMI - Answer-30-39.9
Overweight BMI - Answer-25-29.9
Morbidly Obese BMI - Answer-greater than 40
nociceptive pain - Answer-pain from a normal process that results in noxious stimuli
being perceived as painful, damage to skin, muscles or skeletal areas
psychogenic pain - Answer-individual feels pain but the cause is emotional rather than
physical
idiopathic pain - Answer-chronic pain in the absence of an identifiable physical or
psychological cause or pain perceived as excessive for the extent of an organic
pathological condition
neuropathic pain - Answer-pain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or
central nervous system
QIESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
regurgitant murmur - Answer-A murmur produced by backflow of blood across an
incompetent valve
Stenotic murmurs - Answer-(occurs when a valve is open)
• Prevents adequate forward flow through thick, stiff valves
• Causes harsh murmurs
OLDCART - Answer-Onset
Location
Duration
Characteristics
Aggravating factors
Relieving factors
Treatment
systolic murmur - Answer-heart murmur heard during systole (active pumping), able to
feel and hear the murmur and the same time
Diastolic murmurs - Answer-you feel the carotid pulse and hear the murmur at different
times
S2 split - Answer-can occur during inspiration and are usually not audible, caused when
the closure of the aortic valve and the closure of the pulmonary value are not
synchronized
arterial insufficiency - Answer-decreased or absent pulses, no edema, cold skin, skin
pallor with elevation/duskly red rubber on dependence, shiny skin, ulcer
chronic venous insufficiency - Answer-varicose veins, trauma, report of edema, report of
non-healing ulcers, may report mild pain in lower extremities on dependence, thick skin,
ulcer with pink base
Allen's Test (wrist) - Answer-hand relaxed, supported in supination, examiner
compresses both arteries at the wrist while client clenches hand several time. with the
patients hand open the examiner releases pressure on the radial artery. (normal hand
coloration should return in less than 5 seconds) repeat test releasing pressure from
, ulnar artery. positive is un-normal coloration in hand and refill time greater than 5
seconds
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) normal - Answer->0.9
Mild ABI - Answer-0.60- 0.89
Moderate ABI - Answer-0.40-0.59
Severe ABI range - Answer-<0.39
Troponin levels - Answer-proteins released after MI; levels rise 3-6 hours after onset of
symptoms, test taken in ER.
normal troponin level - Answer-0.04-0.39, anything about 0.40mL is highly likely to be
MI
Costocondritis - Answer-Irritation of the ribs/muscles and bones causing CP and
worsened by pressing/palpating on the sternum
ACS (acute coronary syndrome) - Answer-group of conditions caused by decreased
blood flow through the coronary arteries (STEMI, NSTEMI, unstable angina)
Normal BMI range - Answer-18.5-25
Underweight BMI - Answer-<18.5
Obese BMI - Answer-30-39.9
Overweight BMI - Answer-25-29.9
Morbidly Obese BMI - Answer-greater than 40
nociceptive pain - Answer-pain from a normal process that results in noxious stimuli
being perceived as painful, damage to skin, muscles or skeletal areas
psychogenic pain - Answer-individual feels pain but the cause is emotional rather than
physical
idiopathic pain - Answer-chronic pain in the absence of an identifiable physical or
psychological cause or pain perceived as excessive for the extent of an organic
pathological condition
neuropathic pain - Answer-pain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or
central nervous system
