Chapter 01: Introduction to Imaging and Radiologic Sciences
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
Adler: Introduction to Radiologic and Imaging Sciences and Patient Care, 6th Edition
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
,MULTIPLE CHOICE ff
1. The use of x-rays to create a medical image on patients is referred to as
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magnetic resonance imaging. ff ff
ANS: B f f f f
Radiography is the making of records of internal structures of the body by passage of x-rays or
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
gamma rays through the body. These records or images are typically referred to as
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
radiographs.
ff
REF: p. 4 ff
2. Particular care must be taken when using radiation for medical imaging. This is the result of
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
radiation’s ability to create
ff in human tissue and possible biochemical changes.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. ionizations
b. radio waves ff
c. sound waves ff
d. thermal changes ff
ANS: A f f f f
Some forms of electromagnetic energy, including x-rays, have the ability to ionize atoms in
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
matter. These ionizations have the ability to disrupt the composition of matter and are
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
capable of disrupting life processes. Special protection should be provided to prevent
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
excessive exposure to ionizing radiation.
ff ff ff ff ff
REF: p. 3 ff
3. In the diagnosis of patient disease states, physicians can select from an array of medical
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
diagnostic modalities. A few of these involve the use of ionizing energy to create a medical
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
image. If a physician is concerned about the use of ionizing radiation, he or she may choose
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
to order any of the following diagnostic modalities EXCEPT
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. thermograms.
b. medical sonography. ff
c. radiography.
d. magnetic resonance imaging. ff ff
ANS: C f f f f
Radiography involves the use of x-rays for the production of medical images. Medical
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
procedures such as thermograms, sonograms, and magnetic resonance scans use nonionizing
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
energy forms and consequently do not produce ionizations in human tissue. They are
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
regarded as nonionizing modalities for imaging and offer excellent alternatives to physicians
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
concerned about radiation exposure to patients.
ff ff ff ff ff ff
, REF: f f f f pp. 3-4 ff
4. The Greek physician Hippocrates is regarded as the father of Western medicine. All of the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff f ff ff
following choices represent his medical beliefs EXCEPT the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. use of high ethical standards of conduct.
ff ff ff ff ff ff
b. important medical value of sorcery and witchcraft. ff ff ff ff ff ff
c. importance of closely monitoring a patient’s condition and recovery. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
d. value of diet and exercise and allowing nature to take its course in recovery.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ANS: B f f f f
The Hippocratic Corpus is writings that they emphasize rational and natural explanations for
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
the treatment of disease and reject sorcery and magic. The Hippocratic oath still governs the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ethical conduct of physicians today.
ff ff ff ff ff
REF: p. 5 ff
5. Throughout the history of medicine, remarkable achievements have been recorded. These
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
events have led to our current understanding of the human organism and disease. As this
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
research continues, much of it will most likely focus on
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. proper sanitation and public health. ff ff ff ff
b. immunology and the development of vaccines. ff ff ff ff ff
c. germ theory and infection. ff ff ff
d. human genes and genetic engineering. ff ff ff ff
ANS: D f f f f
Although the Human Genome Project is finished, analyses of the data will continue for
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
many years. The replacement of faulty genes through gene therapy offers promises of cures
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
for a variety of hereditary diseases, and through genetic engineering, important
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
pharmaceuticals continue to be developed. Medical research will continue to focus on the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
genetic code in all cells.
ff ff ff ff ff
REF: p. 6 ff
6. Wilhelm C. Roentgen’s discovery of ―the x-ray‖ is regarded as one of medicine’s most
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
significant achievements. Although his discovery was accidental, his early research was so
ff ff f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
thorough that no significant findings have been added to his original theories. This in itself
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
is a true tribute to the brilliance of Roentgen as a scientist. One of the most famous early
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
images he created was an x-ray image of his
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. colon.
b. laboratory assistant’s foot. ff f
c. wife’s hand. ff
d. kidneys.
ANS: C f f f f
November 8, 1895, is believed by historians to be the day that Roentgen created the famous
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
image of the hand of his wife. Through his investigative methods, Roentgen identified the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
properties of x-rays.
ff ff ff
REF: p. 6 ff
, 7. Avaluable x-ray procedure used to diagnose a myocardial infarction is
f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. mammography.
b. myelography.
c. arthrography.
d. coronary arteriography. ff
ANS: D f f f f
Coronary arteriography is an extremely valuable tool in diagnosing atherosclerosis, which
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
can block the coronary arteries and cause a heart attack (myocardial infarction). By way of a
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
special catheter with a balloon tip, effective treatment of atherosclerosis is possible. This
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
treatment of a blocked blood vessel is termed angioplasty. Angioplasty is used to treat
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
patients without having to use invasive open-heart surgery.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
REF: p. 8 ff
8. All of the following are true of the diagnostic procedure of mammography EXCEPT
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. it is very valuable for the detection of early breast cancers.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
b. the procedures may be performed using a general radiographic machine.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
c. radiographers need to be specially trained in order to perform mammography. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
d. radiographers must be certified by the ARRT to qualify for the mammography ff ff ff ff ff f ff ff ff ff ff
examination.
ff
ANS: B f f f f
Special breast imaging centers have been built to accommodate the demand for
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
mammography procedures. Equipment and supplies, such as a specially designed x-ray tube
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
and high-resolution digital imaging detectors, are used to create high-quality breast images.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
Mammography cannot be performed using general x-ray equipment.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
REF: p. 8 ff
9. To study the blood vessels of the brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs, contrast material is
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
administered into these vessels by using
ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. catheters.
b. stents.
c. balloons.
d. none of the above. ff ff ff
ANS: A f f f f
Angiography is the term for radiologic examination of the blood vessels after injection of a ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
contrast medium. Most often, the contrast material is injected through a catheter, which can
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
be directed to a variety of major arteries or veins for visualization of these structures.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
REF: p. 8 ff
10. Radiologic science continues to be one of the most exciting professions in medicine. An
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff f
imaging modality that uses no ionizing radiation and the energy of radio waves and
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
magnetic fields is
ff ff ff
a. nuclear imaging. ff
b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
Adler: Introduction to Radiologic and Imaging Sciences and Patient Care, 6th Edition
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
,MULTIPLE CHOICE ff
1. The use of x-rays to create a medical image on patients is referred to as
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magnetic resonance imaging. ff ff
ANS: B f f f f
Radiography is the making of records of internal structures of the body by passage of x-rays or
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
gamma rays through the body. These records or images are typically referred to as
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
radiographs.
ff
REF: p. 4 ff
2. Particular care must be taken when using radiation for medical imaging. This is the result of
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
radiation’s ability to create
ff in human tissue and possible biochemical changes.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. ionizations
b. radio waves ff
c. sound waves ff
d. thermal changes ff
ANS: A f f f f
Some forms of electromagnetic energy, including x-rays, have the ability to ionize atoms in
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
matter. These ionizations have the ability to disrupt the composition of matter and are
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
capable of disrupting life processes. Special protection should be provided to prevent
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
excessive exposure to ionizing radiation.
ff ff ff ff ff
REF: p. 3 ff
3. In the diagnosis of patient disease states, physicians can select from an array of medical
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
diagnostic modalities. A few of these involve the use of ionizing energy to create a medical
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
image. If a physician is concerned about the use of ionizing radiation, he or she may choose
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
to order any of the following diagnostic modalities EXCEPT
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. thermograms.
b. medical sonography. ff
c. radiography.
d. magnetic resonance imaging. ff ff
ANS: C f f f f
Radiography involves the use of x-rays for the production of medical images. Medical
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
procedures such as thermograms, sonograms, and magnetic resonance scans use nonionizing
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
energy forms and consequently do not produce ionizations in human tissue. They are
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
regarded as nonionizing modalities for imaging and offer excellent alternatives to physicians
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
concerned about radiation exposure to patients.
ff ff ff ff ff ff
, REF: f f f f pp. 3-4 ff
4. The Greek physician Hippocrates is regarded as the father of Western medicine. All of the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff f ff ff
following choices represent his medical beliefs EXCEPT the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. use of high ethical standards of conduct.
ff ff ff ff ff ff
b. important medical value of sorcery and witchcraft. ff ff ff ff ff ff
c. importance of closely monitoring a patient’s condition and recovery. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
d. value of diet and exercise and allowing nature to take its course in recovery.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ANS: B f f f f
The Hippocratic Corpus is writings that they emphasize rational and natural explanations for
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
the treatment of disease and reject sorcery and magic. The Hippocratic oath still governs the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ethical conduct of physicians today.
ff ff ff ff ff
REF: p. 5 ff
5. Throughout the history of medicine, remarkable achievements have been recorded. These
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
events have led to our current understanding of the human organism and disease. As this
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
research continues, much of it will most likely focus on
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. proper sanitation and public health. ff ff ff ff
b. immunology and the development of vaccines. ff ff ff ff ff
c. germ theory and infection. ff ff ff
d. human genes and genetic engineering. ff ff ff ff
ANS: D f f f f
Although the Human Genome Project is finished, analyses of the data will continue for
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
many years. The replacement of faulty genes through gene therapy offers promises of cures
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
for a variety of hereditary diseases, and through genetic engineering, important
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
pharmaceuticals continue to be developed. Medical research will continue to focus on the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
genetic code in all cells.
ff ff ff ff ff
REF: p. 6 ff
6. Wilhelm C. Roentgen’s discovery of ―the x-ray‖ is regarded as one of medicine’s most
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
significant achievements. Although his discovery was accidental, his early research was so
ff ff f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
thorough that no significant findings have been added to his original theories. This in itself
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
is a true tribute to the brilliance of Roentgen as a scientist. One of the most famous early
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
images he created was an x-ray image of his
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. colon.
b. laboratory assistant’s foot. ff f
c. wife’s hand. ff
d. kidneys.
ANS: C f f f f
November 8, 1895, is believed by historians to be the day that Roentgen created the famous
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
image of the hand of his wife. Through his investigative methods, Roentgen identified the
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
properties of x-rays.
ff ff ff
REF: p. 6 ff
, 7. Avaluable x-ray procedure used to diagnose a myocardial infarction is
f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. mammography.
b. myelography.
c. arthrography.
d. coronary arteriography. ff
ANS: D f f f f
Coronary arteriography is an extremely valuable tool in diagnosing atherosclerosis, which
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
can block the coronary arteries and cause a heart attack (myocardial infarction). By way of a
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
special catheter with a balloon tip, effective treatment of atherosclerosis is possible. This
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
treatment of a blocked blood vessel is termed angioplasty. Angioplasty is used to treat
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
patients without having to use invasive open-heart surgery.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
REF: p. 8 ff
8. All of the following are true of the diagnostic procedure of mammography EXCEPT
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. it is very valuable for the detection of early breast cancers.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
b. the procedures may be performed using a general radiographic machine.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
c. radiographers need to be specially trained in order to perform mammography. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
d. radiographers must be certified by the ARRT to qualify for the mammography ff ff ff ff ff f ff ff ff ff ff
examination.
ff
ANS: B f f f f
Special breast imaging centers have been built to accommodate the demand for
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
mammography procedures. Equipment and supplies, such as a specially designed x-ray tube
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
and high-resolution digital imaging detectors, are used to create high-quality breast images.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
Mammography cannot be performed using general x-ray equipment.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
REF: p. 8 ff
9. To study the blood vessels of the brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs, contrast material is
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
administered into these vessels by using
ff ff ff ff ff ff
a. catheters.
b. stents.
c. balloons.
d. none of the above. ff ff ff
ANS: A f f f f
Angiography is the term for radiologic examination of the blood vessels after injection of a ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
contrast medium. Most often, the contrast material is injected through a catheter, which can
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
be directed to a variety of major arteries or veins for visualization of these structures.
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
REF: p. 8 ff
10. Radiologic science continues to be one of the most exciting professions in medicine. An
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff f
imaging modality that uses no ionizing radiation and the energy of radio waves and
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
magnetic fields is
ff ff ff
a. nuclear imaging. ff
b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
