Chapter 22 – Psychiatry Text Guide

Affect - ANSWERSThe external expression of emotion attached ideas or mental representations of objects Amnesia - ANSWERSLack or loss of memory; inability to remember past experiences Amphetamines - ANSWERSA group of nervous system stimulants that are subject to abuse because of their capacity to produce wakefulness, euphoria, and weight loss Anorexia nervosa - ANSWERSEating disorder characterized by refusal to maintain a normal minimal body weight and intense fear of gaining weight Apathy - ANSWERSLack of feeling or emotion; indifference Autism - ANSWERSPervasive developmental disorder involving impaired social interaction and communication and a repertoire of activities and interests Benzodiazepines - ANSWERSGroup of compounds with a common molecular structure that act similarly to depressants of the central nervous system Bipolar Disorder - ANSWERSMood disorder marked by a history of manic, mixed, or hypomanic episodes, often with concurrent or previous major depressive episodes bulimia nervosa - ANSWERSEating disorder characterized by episodic binge eating followed by behaviors designed to prevent weight gain Cognitive behavioral therapy - ANSWERSDirective form of psychotherapy based on the theory that emotional problems result from distorted thinking that can be corrected Compulsion - ANSWERSA persistent and irresistible impulse to perform an irrational, ritualistic, or apparently useless act Conversion disorder - ANSWERSMental disorder characterized by conversion symptoms suggesting physical illness but having no demonstrable physiological basis defense mechanism - ANSWERSUsually unconscious mental process that serves to relieve conflict and anxiety arising from one's impulses and drives Delirium - ANSWERSAcute, transient disturbance of consciousness accompanied by a change in cognition and having a fluctuating course Delusion - ANSWERSFalse belief that is firmly maintained despite incontrovertible and obvious evidence to the contrary Dementia - ANSWERSGeneral loss of cognitive abilities, including impairment of memory Depression - ANSWERSA mental state of depressed mood characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, and discouragement Dissociative disorder - ANSWERSMental disorder in which normally integrated memories or parts of the personality are segregated from the main identity of the individual Ego - ANSWERSPart of the psyche that keeps contact with reality and tempers the drives of the id and demands of the superego with the needs of society Electroconvulsive therapy - ANSWERSTreatment for mental disorders in which a seizure is induced by a brief pulse of low-voltage alternating current to the brain Free association - ANSWERSPsychoanalytical method in which the patient is encouraged to describe the association of thoughts and emotions as they arise Fugue - ANSWERSPathologic altered consciousness in which a person acts as though conscious but with behavior not directed by the normal personality Hallucination - ANSWERSA sensory perception that does not result from an external stimulus and that occurs in the waking state Hypnosis - ANSWERSPassive trancelike state, resembling normal sleep, during which perception and memory are altered Id - ANSWERSThe part of the psyche, functioning in the unconscious, that is the source of instinctive energy, impulses, and drives Labile - ANSWERSCharacterized by a tendency to change or be altered or modified Lithium - ANSWERSDrug used as a mood stabilizer in treatment of acute manic and hypomanic states in bipolar disorder and in maintenance therapy Mania - ANSWERSPhase of bipolar disorder marked by expansiveness, elation, agitation, hyperexcitability, and hyperactivity Mutism - ANSWERSThe inability to speak because of a physical defect or emotional problem obsessive-compulsive disorder - ANSWERSAnxiety disorder marked by recurrent obsessions or compulsions severe enough to interfere significantly with personal or social function Paranoia - ANSWERSA condition characterized by an elaborate, overly suspicious system of thinking Paraphilia - ANSWERSA condition in which the sexual instinct is expressed in ways that are socially prohibited or unacceptable or are biologically undesirable Phobia - ANSWERSPersistent, irrational, intense fear of an object, activity, or situation that is recognized as excessive or unreasonable by the individual post-traumatic stress disorder - ANSWERSAnxiety disorder caused by exposure to an intensely traumatic event Psychiatrist - ANSWERSA physician with additional medical training and experience in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. Psychoanalysis - ANSWERSTherapy focusing on the influence of unconscious forces (repressed impulses, internal conflicts, childhood trauma) on mental state Psychologist - ANSWERSA person who specializes in the study of the structure and function of the brain and related mental processes of animals and human beings Psychopharmacology - ANSWERSStudy of the action of drugs on psychological functions and mental states and the use of drugs to modify these functions and states Psychosis - ANSWERSAny major mental disorder of organic or emotional origin characterized by a gross impairment in reality testing Repression - ANSWERSAn unconscious defense mechanism in which unacceptable ideas, fears, and impulses are thrust out or kept out of consciousness Schizophrenia - ANSWERSLarge group of psychotic disorders characterized by gross distortion of reality and disturbances of language and cognitive function Sedatives - ANSWERSAgents that decrease functional activity, diminish irritability, and allay excitement Somatoform disorder - ANSWERSMental disorder characterized by symptoms suggesting but not explained by a general medical condition Superego - ANSWERSAspect of the personality acting as a monitor and evaluator of ego function Transference - ANSWERSUnconscious tendency to assign to others in one's environment feelings and attitudes associated with significant persons in one's early life tricyclic antidepressants - ANSWERSGroup of antidepressant drugs that contain three fused rings on their chemical structure and that potentiate the action of catecholamines