COTAC Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers 100% Solved

COTAC Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers 100% Solved hypertension - Answers systolic is at or greater than 140 or diastolic is at 90 or greater for two or more assessments. for patients older than 60, BP should be less than 150/90 primary essential hypertension - Answers no known cause secondary hypertension - Answers caused by other dx, or adverse effect of a medication. tx would be removing the cause prehypertension - Answers SBP 120-139 or DBP 80-89. tx with lifestyle changes HTN health promotion - Answers -maintain BMI <30 -limit caffeine and alcohol intake -stress management -smoking cessation -exercise -limit sodium and fat intake arterial baroreceptors - Answers located in the carotid sinus, aorta, left ventricle. control BP by altering heart rate, cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation regulation of body fluid volume - Answers properly functioning kidneys retain fluid when a patient is hypotensive and excrete fluid when a patient is hypertensive renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - Answers renin is converted into antiotension II, causes vasoconstriction and controls aldosterone release, causing the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and inhibit fluid loss vascular autoregulation - Answers maintains consistent levels of tissue perfusion risk factors of essential HTN - Answers -family hx -sodium intake -inactivity -obesity -alcohol consumption -african american -smoking -hyperlipidemia -stress -age greater than 60 or postmenopausal risk factors secondary hypertension - Answers -kidney dx -cushings dx -pheochromocytoma -brain tumor, encephalitis -medications- estrogen, steroids, and sympathomimetics -pregnancy pheochromocytoma - Answers excessive catecholamine release ss of HTN - Answers -HA -facial flushing -dizziness -fainting -retinal changes, visual disturbances -nocturia HTN assessment - Answers take in both arms if elevated while sitting and standing levels of htn - Answers prehypertension, stage 1, stage II prehypertension definition - Answers systolic 120-139, diastolic 80-89 stage I hypertension findings - Answers systolic 140-159, diastolic 90-99 stage II hypertension findings - Answers systolic greater than or equal to 160, diastolic greater than or equal to 100 labs to identify causes of secondary htn and target organ damage - Answers - BUN, crea- elevation indicate kidney dx -elevated serum corticoids- detect cushings dx -blood glucose and lipid panel- identify contributing factors r/t blood vessel changes htn-diagnostic procedures - Answers ekg- cardiac function. tall R waves with left ventricular hypertrophy cxr- shows cardiomegaly htn- diuretics - Answers thiazide- hctz, inhibit water and sodium reabsorption, increase potassium excretion if not response to thiazide loop- lasix, decrease sodium reabsorption, increase K excretion K sparing- spironolactone, affect distal tubule and prevent reabsorption of sodium in exchange for potassium htn- diuretics nursing care - Answers -monitor K levels -monitor for muscle weakness, irregular pulse, dehydration -educate on dietary needs, limit K rich foods for k sparing diuretics and increase K rich foods for K depleting diuretics htn- CCB - Answers verapamil, amlodipine, diltiazem after the movement of calcium ions through the cell membrane, causing vasodilation and lowering blood pre