Portage Biology Module 6
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d9qeun
1. Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound nucleus, organelles specific to each cell, size of 10-100um
in diameter, animal eukaryotic cells lack well walls, plant eukaryotic cells have rigid
cell walls, may be single celled or multi celled organisms.
2. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, ranges from 1-5um, always
single celled.
3. Both Prokaryotic contain cytosol, chromosomes with DNA and ribosomes to manufacture proteins
and Eukaryotic
4. Nucleoid region a non-membrane found area of the prokaryotic cell that contains bacterial chro-
mosomes and DNA
5. Plasmids Small, circular regions of DNA in bacteria (prokaryotic), can replicated indepen-
dently from other plasmids in the bacterial cell.
6. Cytoplasm A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles, ribosomes, or plasmids are
suspended. present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
7. Prokaryotic ribo- not membrane bound, small, unique RNA and protein content
somes
8. Plasma mem- Allows diffusion of certain ions and small molecules and may also provide an area
brane for metabolic functions.
9. Cell wall responsible for shape of cells and protection against environmental stressors.
Present in some eukaryotic and all prokaryotic cells.
10. Three accessory Capsules, fimbriae, flagella
structures that
facilitate move-
ment and attach-
ment in bacteria
1/8
, Portage Biology Module 6
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d9qeun
11. Capsule (glycoca- May surround bacterial cell well, thick layers of proteins or polysaccharides. Sticky
lyx) so adheres to host cells/other bacteria.
12. Fimbriae Protein structures extending from cell wall that have short, hair like appearance.
Used for attachment to host cells or other bacteria.
13. Flagella Whip like structures that allow prokaryotes to move. May be located randomly or
concentrated at one end.
14. Peptidoglycan A type of polymer in bacterial (prokaryotic) cell walls consisting of modified sugars
NAG and NAM, cross-linked by short polypeptides.
15. Describe the STAIN: Flood with crystal violet solution. Flood with Gram's Iodine solution, and
gram stain proce- allow to act
dure DECOLORIZE Flood slide with 95% alcohol
COUNTERSTAIN: Flood slide with safranin solution and allow to counterstain
Gram + have the peptidoglycan layer that is capable of retaining the violet/iodine
complex
16. Gram positive cell thick peptidoglycan layer, stain deep crystal violet color, treatable with penicillin
wall antibiotics
17. Gram negative Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall surrounding plasma membrane.
bacteria then covered by an outer plasma membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides.
They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain. Gram-negative bacteria are typically
more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria.
18. Cocci bacteria spherical
19. Bacilli bacteria rod shaped
20. Spiral bacteria spiral shape ranging from comma-like to cork-screw like
21. Diplococci cocci bacteria growing in pairs
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d9qeun
1. Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound nucleus, organelles specific to each cell, size of 10-100um
in diameter, animal eukaryotic cells lack well walls, plant eukaryotic cells have rigid
cell walls, may be single celled or multi celled organisms.
2. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, ranges from 1-5um, always
single celled.
3. Both Prokaryotic contain cytosol, chromosomes with DNA and ribosomes to manufacture proteins
and Eukaryotic
4. Nucleoid region a non-membrane found area of the prokaryotic cell that contains bacterial chro-
mosomes and DNA
5. Plasmids Small, circular regions of DNA in bacteria (prokaryotic), can replicated indepen-
dently from other plasmids in the bacterial cell.
6. Cytoplasm A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles, ribosomes, or plasmids are
suspended. present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
7. Prokaryotic ribo- not membrane bound, small, unique RNA and protein content
somes
8. Plasma mem- Allows diffusion of certain ions and small molecules and may also provide an area
brane for metabolic functions.
9. Cell wall responsible for shape of cells and protection against environmental stressors.
Present in some eukaryotic and all prokaryotic cells.
10. Three accessory Capsules, fimbriae, flagella
structures that
facilitate move-
ment and attach-
ment in bacteria
1/8
, Portage Biology Module 6
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_d9qeun
11. Capsule (glycoca- May surround bacterial cell well, thick layers of proteins or polysaccharides. Sticky
lyx) so adheres to host cells/other bacteria.
12. Fimbriae Protein structures extending from cell wall that have short, hair like appearance.
Used for attachment to host cells or other bacteria.
13. Flagella Whip like structures that allow prokaryotes to move. May be located randomly or
concentrated at one end.
14. Peptidoglycan A type of polymer in bacterial (prokaryotic) cell walls consisting of modified sugars
NAG and NAM, cross-linked by short polypeptides.
15. Describe the STAIN: Flood with crystal violet solution. Flood with Gram's Iodine solution, and
gram stain proce- allow to act
dure DECOLORIZE Flood slide with 95% alcohol
COUNTERSTAIN: Flood slide with safranin solution and allow to counterstain
Gram + have the peptidoglycan layer that is capable of retaining the violet/iodine
complex
16. Gram positive cell thick peptidoglycan layer, stain deep crystal violet color, treatable with penicillin
wall antibiotics
17. Gram negative Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall surrounding plasma membrane.
bacteria then covered by an outer plasma membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides.
They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain. Gram-negative bacteria are typically
more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria.
18. Cocci bacteria spherical
19. Bacilli bacteria rod shaped
20. Spiral bacteria spiral shape ranging from comma-like to cork-screw like
21. Diplococci cocci bacteria growing in pairs
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