psych 387 unl unit 1 exam with correct
answers
what ||is ||the ||goal ||of ||personality ||psychology? ||- ||correct ||answerThe ||goal ||is ||to ||account ||for ||the ||
whole ||person ||and ||real-life ||concerns
Advantage: ||inclusive, ||interesting, ||and ||important ||
Disadvantage: ||overinclusive ||or ||unfocused ||research
What ||kind ||of ||questions ||to ||personality ||psychologists ||seek ||to ||answer? ||- ||correct ||answerhow ||
much ||does ||an ||environment ||have ||an ||effect ||on ||personality? ||Why ||do ||people ||get ||mental ||
illnesses? ||how ||often ||to ||peoples ||personalities ||change?
how ||does ||the ||focus ||of ||personality ||psychology ||differ ||compared ||to ||other ||fields ||in ||psychology? ||-
||correct ||answerIt ||is ||overinclusive ||and ||unfocused ||research, ||it ||does ||have ||sensitivity ||and ||respect ||
for ||individuals
trait ||approach ||- ||correct ||answerPeople ||lie ||on ||a ||continuum ||of ||personality ||characteristics
||"aggressive ||children ||will ||most ||likely ||become ||aggressive ||adults"
biological ||approach ||- ||correct ||answerunderstand ||the ||mind ||in ||terms ||of ||the ||body ||"genetic ||
predisposition ||to ||be ||aggressive"
psychoanalytic ||approach ||- ||correct ||answerprimary ||concern ||is ||with ||the ||unconscious ||mind ||and ||
internal ||mental ||conflict ||"people ||possess ||an ||unconscious ||desire ||to ||self-destruct"
phenomenological ||approach ||- ||correct ||answerfocus ||on ||conscious ||experience ||in ||the ||world
||"aggression ||arises ||when ||something ||interferes ||with ||basic ||needs" ||"people ||are ||mostly ||good"
learning ||approach ||- ||correct ||answerhow ||behavior ||changes ||as ||a ||result ||of ||rewards, ||punishment, ||
and ||life ||experiences ||"people ||learn ||to ||be ||aggressive"
, self-report ||data ||- ||correct ||answerinformation ||provided ||by ||a ||person, ||such ||as ||through ||survey ||or ||
interview ||
Advantages: ||people ||are ||usually ||their ||own ||best ||expert; ||access ||to ||thoughts, ||emotions, ||feelings; ||
simple ||and ||easy ||data
Disadvantages: ||maybe ||people ||won't ||tell; ||memory ||is ||limited; ||fish ||and ||water ||effect; ||lack ||of ||self-
insight
informant-report ||data ||- ||correct ||answerinformation ||provided ||by ||someone ||else ||about ||someone ||
else; ||used ||frequently ||in ||everyday ||life; ||tends ||to ||agree ||with ||S ||data ||and ||both ||tend ||to ||predict ||
behavior ||
advantages: ||Many ||behaviors ||in ||many ||situations; ||Judgments ||from ||multiple ||informants ||are ||
possible
Disadvantages: ||Limited ||behavioral ||information; ||Lack ||of ||access ||to ||private ||experience; ||Bias: ||due ||
to ||personal ||issues ||or ||prejudices
behavioral ||data ||- ||correct ||answerinformation ||that ||is ||carefully ||and ||systematically ||recorded ||from ||
direct ||observation; ||"The ||most ||visible ||indication ||of ||an ||individual's ||personality ||is ||what ||she ||does";
||Natural: ||the ||person's ||real-life ||environment ||(work, ||class); ||Artificial: ||social ||settings ||that ||are ||
constructed, ||for ||example, ||in ||a ||psychological ||laboratory
Advantages: ||realistic ||
advantages: ||desired ||contexts ||may ||seldom ||occur
Life ||outcome ||data ||- ||correct ||answerinformation ||that ||can ||be ||gleaned ||from ||the ||events, ||activities,
||and ||outcomes ||in ||a ||person's ||life ||that ||are ||available ||to ||public ||scrutiny; ||marriage, ||speeding ||
tickets ||
advantages: ||Objective ||and ||verifiable; ||Intrinsic ||importance
disadvantages: ||Multidetermination: ||influenced ||by ||many ||more ||factors ||than ||personality
Why ||is ||it ||important ||to ||collect ||as ||many ||types ||of ||data ||as ||possible? ||- ||correct ||answerall ||sources ||
of ||data ||have ||limitations; ||consistent ||findings ||increase ||confidence
Triangulation: ||Data ||sources ||converge; ||the ||overlap ||is ||where ||the ||most ||thorough ||and ||accurate ||
analysis ||(confidence!) ||is
answers
what ||is ||the ||goal ||of ||personality ||psychology? ||- ||correct ||answerThe ||goal ||is ||to ||account ||for ||the ||
whole ||person ||and ||real-life ||concerns
Advantage: ||inclusive, ||interesting, ||and ||important ||
Disadvantage: ||overinclusive ||or ||unfocused ||research
What ||kind ||of ||questions ||to ||personality ||psychologists ||seek ||to ||answer? ||- ||correct ||answerhow ||
much ||does ||an ||environment ||have ||an ||effect ||on ||personality? ||Why ||do ||people ||get ||mental ||
illnesses? ||how ||often ||to ||peoples ||personalities ||change?
how ||does ||the ||focus ||of ||personality ||psychology ||differ ||compared ||to ||other ||fields ||in ||psychology? ||-
||correct ||answerIt ||is ||overinclusive ||and ||unfocused ||research, ||it ||does ||have ||sensitivity ||and ||respect ||
for ||individuals
trait ||approach ||- ||correct ||answerPeople ||lie ||on ||a ||continuum ||of ||personality ||characteristics
||"aggressive ||children ||will ||most ||likely ||become ||aggressive ||adults"
biological ||approach ||- ||correct ||answerunderstand ||the ||mind ||in ||terms ||of ||the ||body ||"genetic ||
predisposition ||to ||be ||aggressive"
psychoanalytic ||approach ||- ||correct ||answerprimary ||concern ||is ||with ||the ||unconscious ||mind ||and ||
internal ||mental ||conflict ||"people ||possess ||an ||unconscious ||desire ||to ||self-destruct"
phenomenological ||approach ||- ||correct ||answerfocus ||on ||conscious ||experience ||in ||the ||world
||"aggression ||arises ||when ||something ||interferes ||with ||basic ||needs" ||"people ||are ||mostly ||good"
learning ||approach ||- ||correct ||answerhow ||behavior ||changes ||as ||a ||result ||of ||rewards, ||punishment, ||
and ||life ||experiences ||"people ||learn ||to ||be ||aggressive"
, self-report ||data ||- ||correct ||answerinformation ||provided ||by ||a ||person, ||such ||as ||through ||survey ||or ||
interview ||
Advantages: ||people ||are ||usually ||their ||own ||best ||expert; ||access ||to ||thoughts, ||emotions, ||feelings; ||
simple ||and ||easy ||data
Disadvantages: ||maybe ||people ||won't ||tell; ||memory ||is ||limited; ||fish ||and ||water ||effect; ||lack ||of ||self-
insight
informant-report ||data ||- ||correct ||answerinformation ||provided ||by ||someone ||else ||about ||someone ||
else; ||used ||frequently ||in ||everyday ||life; ||tends ||to ||agree ||with ||S ||data ||and ||both ||tend ||to ||predict ||
behavior ||
advantages: ||Many ||behaviors ||in ||many ||situations; ||Judgments ||from ||multiple ||informants ||are ||
possible
Disadvantages: ||Limited ||behavioral ||information; ||Lack ||of ||access ||to ||private ||experience; ||Bias: ||due ||
to ||personal ||issues ||or ||prejudices
behavioral ||data ||- ||correct ||answerinformation ||that ||is ||carefully ||and ||systematically ||recorded ||from ||
direct ||observation; ||"The ||most ||visible ||indication ||of ||an ||individual's ||personality ||is ||what ||she ||does";
||Natural: ||the ||person's ||real-life ||environment ||(work, ||class); ||Artificial: ||social ||settings ||that ||are ||
constructed, ||for ||example, ||in ||a ||psychological ||laboratory
Advantages: ||realistic ||
advantages: ||desired ||contexts ||may ||seldom ||occur
Life ||outcome ||data ||- ||correct ||answerinformation ||that ||can ||be ||gleaned ||from ||the ||events, ||activities,
||and ||outcomes ||in ||a ||person's ||life ||that ||are ||available ||to ||public ||scrutiny; ||marriage, ||speeding ||
tickets ||
advantages: ||Objective ||and ||verifiable; ||Intrinsic ||importance
disadvantages: ||Multidetermination: ||influenced ||by ||many ||more ||factors ||than ||personality
Why ||is ||it ||important ||to ||collect ||as ||many ||types ||of ||data ||as ||possible? ||- ||correct ||answerall ||sources ||
of ||data ||have ||limitations; ||consistent ||findings ||increase ||confidence
Triangulation: ||Data ||sources ||converge; ||the ||overlap ||is ||where ||the ||most ||thorough ||and ||accurate ||
analysis ||(confidence!) ||is
