3P Cardiovascular
A 3-year-old patient has a history of congenital heart disease. To reduce the afterload and
decrease right and left atrial pressures, the drug of choice should be: - ANS-captopril (Capoten).
\A 52-year-old man is receiving metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor) after a myocardial infarction. This
patient should be educated to: - ANS-avoid abruptly stopping the medication.
\A bruit heard in the epigastric area with both systolic and diastolic components is suggestive of:
- ANS-renal artery stenosis.
\A characteristic finding in the elderly population is: - ANS-the development of heart rhythm
changes leading to syncope.
\A common side effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) such as candesartan
(Atacand) is: - ANS-hyperkalemia.
\A common side effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors used in the treatment
of hypertension is: - ANS-a dry cough.
\A common side effect of cardioselective beta-blockers such as labetalol (Trandate) is: -
ANS-shortness of breath.
\A common side effect of niacin (Niaspan) is: - ANS-flushing.
\A condition that presents with symptomatic limb ischemia upon exertion is termed: -
ANS-atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease.
\A disadvantage of vitamin K antagonists for anticoagulation is their: - ANS-numerous
medication interactions.
\A disease that may present as indigestion, but is precipitated by exertion and relieved by rest is
most likely: - ANS-angina.
\A disparity between the brachial and femoral pulses in a 4-month-old could indicate: -
ANS-coarctation of the aorta (COA).
\A heart rate of 100-180 beats per minute in an adult is considered: - ANS-sinus tachycardia.
\A male patient states that he has difficulty breathing when he is lying down but when he sits up,
it improves. This is a classic description of: - ANS-orthopnea.
\A patient complains of a tight, bursting pain in the calf that increases with walking. Elevation of
the leg sometimes relieves the pain. These symptoms may be consistent with: - ANS-deep
venous thrombosis.
\A patient complains of increased pain in the calf muscles and buttocks especially after walking
or riding his bicycle. He states that the pain stops after he sits still for about 2-3 minutes. This
condition may be associated with: - ANS-intermittent claudication.
\A patient complains of pain in the arch of the foot sometimes relieved by rest. Occasionally, he
experiences intermittent pain in the toes, especially at rest. Exercise aggravates the pain in the
arch. History reveals he smokes approximately a half pack of cigarettes per day. These
symptoms may be consistent with: - ANS-thromboangiitis obliterans.
\A patient complains of some pain in the distal portions of her fingers on both hands. She states
that it tends to occur more frequently with exposure to cold. These symptoms may be consistent
with: - ANS-Raynaud's disease.
, \A patient complaints of a sharp, knifelike pain that begins in the chest and radiates to the tip of
the shoulder and to the neck. This type of chest pain is suggestive of: - ANS-pericarditis.
\A patient describes chest pain as persistent, sharp, and knife-like. These symptoms are more
characteristic of: - ANS-pericarditis.
\A patient describes chest pain as pressing, squeezing, and tight lasting between 1 and 3
minutes. These symptoms are more characteristic of: - ANS-myocardial infarction.
\A patient is receiving furosemide (Lasix) for edema secondary to heart failure. The patient
should be informed that furosemide (Lasix) may cause: - ANS-hyponatremia.
\A patient presents with chest pain that radiates to the left side of the neck and down the left
arm when he chops wood. This type of pain could be suggestive of: - ANS-angina pectoris.
\A patient suspected of having chronic venous insufficiency, may present with: - ANS-a brownish
discoloration just above the malleolus.
\A patient with cirrhosis develops portal hypertension as indicated by the presence of: -
ANS-splenomegaly.
\A pediatric patient presents with erythema marginatum, chorea, and a heart murmur. These
symptoms are consistent with: - ANS-rheumatic heart disease.
\A sudden, tearing, sharp pain that begins in the chest and radiates to the back or into the neck
is usually associated with: - ANS-an aortic dissection.
\A third heart sound (S3) is audible in a forty-five-year old. This S3 sound may be: - ANS-a sign
of valvular heart disease.
\A three-week-old infant presents with a generalized lacy, reticulated blue discoloration of the
skin. This is suggestive of: - ANS-cutis marmorata.
\A twelve-month-old has a history of heart failure related to his congenital heart defect. He is
receiving aldactone (Spironolactone), enalapril (Vasotec), furosemide (Lasix), and
acetaminophen (Tylenol). The infant's potassium level is 3.1 mEq/l. Which medication is most
likely decreasing his potassium level? - ANS-Furosemide (Lasix)
\A widened pulse pressure greater than or equal to 60 in an older patient is a risk factor for
cardiovascular disease, stroke, and: - ANS-renal disease.
\Absent or diminished pulses in the wrist could be indicative of: - ANS-arterial occlusive disease.
\Acetaminophen (Tylenol) use in infants and children is: - ANS-calculated at 10-15 mg/kg/dose
with a maximum of 4 g/24 hours.
\Aliskiren (Tekturna) should not be administered concurrently with: - ANS-angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
\Aliskiren (Tekturna), used in the treatment of essential hypertension, is classified as a(n): -
ANS-direct renin inhibitor.
\An adverse reaction to angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) used in the treatment of
hypertension is: - ANS-angioedema.
\An angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that is indicated for the treatment of hypertension in
children younger than 6 years old is: - ANS-candesartan (Atacand).
\An example of a cardioselective beta-blocker used in the treatment of heart failure is: -
ANS-metoprolol (Lopressor).
\An example of a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker is: - ANS-amlodipine (Norvasc).
\Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) lower blood pressure by: - ANS-blocking the
vasoconstricting and sodium retention effects of angiotensin II.
A 3-year-old patient has a history of congenital heart disease. To reduce the afterload and
decrease right and left atrial pressures, the drug of choice should be: - ANS-captopril (Capoten).
\A 52-year-old man is receiving metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor) after a myocardial infarction. This
patient should be educated to: - ANS-avoid abruptly stopping the medication.
\A bruit heard in the epigastric area with both systolic and diastolic components is suggestive of:
- ANS-renal artery stenosis.
\A characteristic finding in the elderly population is: - ANS-the development of heart rhythm
changes leading to syncope.
\A common side effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) such as candesartan
(Atacand) is: - ANS-hyperkalemia.
\A common side effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors used in the treatment
of hypertension is: - ANS-a dry cough.
\A common side effect of cardioselective beta-blockers such as labetalol (Trandate) is: -
ANS-shortness of breath.
\A common side effect of niacin (Niaspan) is: - ANS-flushing.
\A condition that presents with symptomatic limb ischemia upon exertion is termed: -
ANS-atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease.
\A disadvantage of vitamin K antagonists for anticoagulation is their: - ANS-numerous
medication interactions.
\A disease that may present as indigestion, but is precipitated by exertion and relieved by rest is
most likely: - ANS-angina.
\A disparity between the brachial and femoral pulses in a 4-month-old could indicate: -
ANS-coarctation of the aorta (COA).
\A heart rate of 100-180 beats per minute in an adult is considered: - ANS-sinus tachycardia.
\A male patient states that he has difficulty breathing when he is lying down but when he sits up,
it improves. This is a classic description of: - ANS-orthopnea.
\A patient complains of a tight, bursting pain in the calf that increases with walking. Elevation of
the leg sometimes relieves the pain. These symptoms may be consistent with: - ANS-deep
venous thrombosis.
\A patient complains of increased pain in the calf muscles and buttocks especially after walking
or riding his bicycle. He states that the pain stops after he sits still for about 2-3 minutes. This
condition may be associated with: - ANS-intermittent claudication.
\A patient complains of pain in the arch of the foot sometimes relieved by rest. Occasionally, he
experiences intermittent pain in the toes, especially at rest. Exercise aggravates the pain in the
arch. History reveals he smokes approximately a half pack of cigarettes per day. These
symptoms may be consistent with: - ANS-thromboangiitis obliterans.
\A patient complains of some pain in the distal portions of her fingers on both hands. She states
that it tends to occur more frequently with exposure to cold. These symptoms may be consistent
with: - ANS-Raynaud's disease.
, \A patient complaints of a sharp, knifelike pain that begins in the chest and radiates to the tip of
the shoulder and to the neck. This type of chest pain is suggestive of: - ANS-pericarditis.
\A patient describes chest pain as persistent, sharp, and knife-like. These symptoms are more
characteristic of: - ANS-pericarditis.
\A patient describes chest pain as pressing, squeezing, and tight lasting between 1 and 3
minutes. These symptoms are more characteristic of: - ANS-myocardial infarction.
\A patient is receiving furosemide (Lasix) for edema secondary to heart failure. The patient
should be informed that furosemide (Lasix) may cause: - ANS-hyponatremia.
\A patient presents with chest pain that radiates to the left side of the neck and down the left
arm when he chops wood. This type of pain could be suggestive of: - ANS-angina pectoris.
\A patient suspected of having chronic venous insufficiency, may present with: - ANS-a brownish
discoloration just above the malleolus.
\A patient with cirrhosis develops portal hypertension as indicated by the presence of: -
ANS-splenomegaly.
\A pediatric patient presents with erythema marginatum, chorea, and a heart murmur. These
symptoms are consistent with: - ANS-rheumatic heart disease.
\A sudden, tearing, sharp pain that begins in the chest and radiates to the back or into the neck
is usually associated with: - ANS-an aortic dissection.
\A third heart sound (S3) is audible in a forty-five-year old. This S3 sound may be: - ANS-a sign
of valvular heart disease.
\A three-week-old infant presents with a generalized lacy, reticulated blue discoloration of the
skin. This is suggestive of: - ANS-cutis marmorata.
\A twelve-month-old has a history of heart failure related to his congenital heart defect. He is
receiving aldactone (Spironolactone), enalapril (Vasotec), furosemide (Lasix), and
acetaminophen (Tylenol). The infant's potassium level is 3.1 mEq/l. Which medication is most
likely decreasing his potassium level? - ANS-Furosemide (Lasix)
\A widened pulse pressure greater than or equal to 60 in an older patient is a risk factor for
cardiovascular disease, stroke, and: - ANS-renal disease.
\Absent or diminished pulses in the wrist could be indicative of: - ANS-arterial occlusive disease.
\Acetaminophen (Tylenol) use in infants and children is: - ANS-calculated at 10-15 mg/kg/dose
with a maximum of 4 g/24 hours.
\Aliskiren (Tekturna) should not be administered concurrently with: - ANS-angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
\Aliskiren (Tekturna), used in the treatment of essential hypertension, is classified as a(n): -
ANS-direct renin inhibitor.
\An adverse reaction to angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) used in the treatment of
hypertension is: - ANS-angioedema.
\An angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that is indicated for the treatment of hypertension in
children younger than 6 years old is: - ANS-candesartan (Atacand).
\An example of a cardioselective beta-blocker used in the treatment of heart failure is: -
ANS-metoprolol (Lopressor).
\An example of a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker is: - ANS-amlodipine (Norvasc).
\Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) lower blood pressure by: - ANS-blocking the
vasoconstricting and sodium retention effects of angiotensin II.
