ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Biotherapy Certification
(2 Different Versions ) Questions And Answers Verified
100% Correct
VERSION 2
The stem cell divides, producing undifferentiated stem cells that are of what
lineage? - ANSWER- myeloid or lymphoid
What cells do myeloid precursors turn into? - ANSWER- red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets
What cells do lymphoid precursors turn into? - ANSWER- specialized white blood
cells called lymphocytes
Granulocytes are - ANSWER- basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils
Agranuloyctes are - ANSWER- T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes
What two type of immunity make up the immune system? - ANSWER- innate and
adaptive
What line of defense is innate immunity? - ANSWER- first
What is the role of innate immunity? - ANSWER- is to mount a non-specific
response to a non-self entity that does not retain memory of the entity
What types of things does innate immunity respond to? - ANSWER- skin, mucous
membranes, normal flora of the skin and gut as barrier or bacterial protection
against foreign substances AND cellular components such as phagocytes, natural
killer cells, granulocytes, and macrophages
If innate immunity proves to be insufficient, what is mobilized? - ANSWER-
adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity leads to what? - ANSWER- immune system memory related to
a pathogen or foreign substance
,What are the three parts of adaptive immunity? - ANSWER- humoral immunity,
cell mediated immunity, regulatory t-cells
What is humoral immunity made up of? - ANSWER- b lymphocytes, memory b
cells, and plasma to produce immunoglobulins or antibodies
What is cell mediated immunity dependent on? - ANSWER- cytotoxic t-cells,
helper t-cells and their cytokines
What are regulatory t-cells also known as? - ANSWER- supressor t-cells
What do regulatory t-cells do? - ANSWER- regulate the immune response to
prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses
What are cytokines? - ANSWER- cytokines are secreted by lymphocytes with the
intention of stimulating macrophages and cytotoxic t lymphocytes to identify and
kill pathogen infected cells or tumor cells
What do proto-oncogenes do? - ANSWER- regulate normal cell growth and
division.
What are proto-oncogenes? - ANSWER- they are a large family of genes that code
for proteins and enzymes that turn on the cell cycle
If a mistake in copies of DNA occur next to a porto-oncogene, it can "turn on" and
become what? - ANSWER- oncogene
What are two examples of an oncogene? - ANSWER- EGFR/Erb- B1 and Erb-
B2/HER2
What is a very important tumor suppressor gene? - ANSWER- p53
What is the p53 gene also called? - ANSWER- suicide gene
What does neoadjuvant therapy refer to? - ANSWER- treatment given as a first
step to shrink a tumor before the main treatment
What is adjuvant therapy? - ANSWER- additional cancer treatment given after the
primary treatment to lower the risk that cancer will occur
,How do alkylating agents function? - ANSWER- by causing a break in the DNA
helix strand, causing interference with DNA replication, which results in cell death
What are the three most common alkylating agent chemo's? - ANSWER- cytoxan,
ifos, bendamustine
How are alkylating agents and platinum based chemo's different? - ANSWER-
platinum based chemo's do not have the molecule to to attach to and destroy DNA
What are the two most common platinum based chemo's? - ANSWER- cisplatin
and carboplatin
What should you instruct patients to do when receiving oxaliplatin? - ANSWER- to
avoid exposure to cold air and consuming cold fluids for 3 to 4 days following
treatment
What are the two most nephrotoxic drugs? - ANSWER- streptozocin and
semustine
What are the most common side effects of antimetabolites? - ANSWER-
myelosuppresion, GI toxicities, photosensitivity, hand foot syndrome,
What kind of chemo therapy require life time doses? - ANSWER- antitumor
antibiotics
What are examples of anthracyclines that? - ANSWER- doxorubicin, daunarubicin,
epirubicin, idarubicin
What are lifetime doses needed for anthrcyclines? - ANSWER- cardiotoxicity
What are classes of antitumor antibiotics? - ANSWER- anthracyclines and non-
anthracyclines
What are examples of non-anthracyclines? - ANSWER- actinomycin d, mitomycin
c, bleomycin
Why is there a lifetime dose for bleomycin? - ANSWER- pulmonary fibrosis
Patient's with what diagnosis are more at risk for anaphylaxis to bleomycin? -
ANSWER- lymphoma
, How to calculate an ANC - ANSWER- (%polys or segs + %bands) x WBC/100
What are common plant alkaloids? - ANSWER- etoposide, docetaxol, paclitaxel,
vinblastine, vinorelbine
3 major phases of cell division: - ANSWER- Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - ANSWER- First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - ANSWER- Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - ANSWER- Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes,
macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: - ANSWER- Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful.
Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory
responses)
Define mutations - ANSWER- Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - ANSWER- Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy - ANSWER- Treatment is given prior to surgery to
shrink the tumor
(2 Different Versions ) Questions And Answers Verified
100% Correct
VERSION 2
The stem cell divides, producing undifferentiated stem cells that are of what
lineage? - ANSWER- myeloid or lymphoid
What cells do myeloid precursors turn into? - ANSWER- red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets
What cells do lymphoid precursors turn into? - ANSWER- specialized white blood
cells called lymphocytes
Granulocytes are - ANSWER- basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils
Agranuloyctes are - ANSWER- T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes
What two type of immunity make up the immune system? - ANSWER- innate and
adaptive
What line of defense is innate immunity? - ANSWER- first
What is the role of innate immunity? - ANSWER- is to mount a non-specific
response to a non-self entity that does not retain memory of the entity
What types of things does innate immunity respond to? - ANSWER- skin, mucous
membranes, normal flora of the skin and gut as barrier or bacterial protection
against foreign substances AND cellular components such as phagocytes, natural
killer cells, granulocytes, and macrophages
If innate immunity proves to be insufficient, what is mobilized? - ANSWER-
adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity leads to what? - ANSWER- immune system memory related to
a pathogen or foreign substance
,What are the three parts of adaptive immunity? - ANSWER- humoral immunity,
cell mediated immunity, regulatory t-cells
What is humoral immunity made up of? - ANSWER- b lymphocytes, memory b
cells, and plasma to produce immunoglobulins or antibodies
What is cell mediated immunity dependent on? - ANSWER- cytotoxic t-cells,
helper t-cells and their cytokines
What are regulatory t-cells also known as? - ANSWER- supressor t-cells
What do regulatory t-cells do? - ANSWER- regulate the immune response to
prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses
What are cytokines? - ANSWER- cytokines are secreted by lymphocytes with the
intention of stimulating macrophages and cytotoxic t lymphocytes to identify and
kill pathogen infected cells or tumor cells
What do proto-oncogenes do? - ANSWER- regulate normal cell growth and
division.
What are proto-oncogenes? - ANSWER- they are a large family of genes that code
for proteins and enzymes that turn on the cell cycle
If a mistake in copies of DNA occur next to a porto-oncogene, it can "turn on" and
become what? - ANSWER- oncogene
What are two examples of an oncogene? - ANSWER- EGFR/Erb- B1 and Erb-
B2/HER2
What is a very important tumor suppressor gene? - ANSWER- p53
What is the p53 gene also called? - ANSWER- suicide gene
What does neoadjuvant therapy refer to? - ANSWER- treatment given as a first
step to shrink a tumor before the main treatment
What is adjuvant therapy? - ANSWER- additional cancer treatment given after the
primary treatment to lower the risk that cancer will occur
,How do alkylating agents function? - ANSWER- by causing a break in the DNA
helix strand, causing interference with DNA replication, which results in cell death
What are the three most common alkylating agent chemo's? - ANSWER- cytoxan,
ifos, bendamustine
How are alkylating agents and platinum based chemo's different? - ANSWER-
platinum based chemo's do not have the molecule to to attach to and destroy DNA
What are the two most common platinum based chemo's? - ANSWER- cisplatin
and carboplatin
What should you instruct patients to do when receiving oxaliplatin? - ANSWER- to
avoid exposure to cold air and consuming cold fluids for 3 to 4 days following
treatment
What are the two most nephrotoxic drugs? - ANSWER- streptozocin and
semustine
What are the most common side effects of antimetabolites? - ANSWER-
myelosuppresion, GI toxicities, photosensitivity, hand foot syndrome,
What kind of chemo therapy require life time doses? - ANSWER- antitumor
antibiotics
What are examples of anthracyclines that? - ANSWER- doxorubicin, daunarubicin,
epirubicin, idarubicin
What are lifetime doses needed for anthrcyclines? - ANSWER- cardiotoxicity
What are classes of antitumor antibiotics? - ANSWER- anthracyclines and non-
anthracyclines
What are examples of non-anthracyclines? - ANSWER- actinomycin d, mitomycin
c, bleomycin
Why is there a lifetime dose for bleomycin? - ANSWER- pulmonary fibrosis
Patient's with what diagnosis are more at risk for anaphylaxis to bleomycin? -
ANSWER- lymphoma
, How to calculate an ANC - ANSWER- (%polys or segs + %bands) x WBC/100
What are common plant alkaloids? - ANSWER- etoposide, docetaxol, paclitaxel,
vinblastine, vinorelbine
3 major phases of cell division: - ANSWER- Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - ANSWER- First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - ANSWER- Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - ANSWER- Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes,
macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: - ANSWER- Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful.
Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory
responses)
Define mutations - ANSWER- Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - ANSWER- Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy - ANSWER- Treatment is given prior to surgery to
shrink the tumor
