TOP Key Questions And Answers On Neuroscience Exam 1

TOP Key Questions And Answers On
Neuroscience Exam 1
___ziszthezprimaryzsensoryzneuronztypezandzlocatedzinz____z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Psudo-unipolar;zDRG

___ziszthezprimaryzsensoryzneuronztypezandzlocatedzinz____z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Psudo-unipolar;zDRG

____zcarrieszinfoztozotherzneuronsz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-Axons

____zcarrieszinfoztozotherzneuronsz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-Axons

____zreceivezsynapseszfromzotherzneuronsz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-Dendrites

____zreceivezsynapseszfromzotherzneuronsz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-Dendrites

Aznegativezrestingzmembranezpotentialziszgeneratedzby
a.zAzhighzextracellularzconcentrationzofzK+zandzazmembranezthatziszpermeableztozK+.
b.zAzhighzintracellularzconcentrationzofzK+zandzazmembranezthatziszpermeableztozK+.
c.zThezexpenditurezofzATP.
d.zBothzazandzc
e.zBothzbzandzcz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
e.zAznegativezrestingzmembranezpotentialziszgeneratedzbyzazhighzintracellularzconcentratio
nzofzK+zandzazmembranezthatziszpermeableztozK+zandzThezexpenditurezofzATP.

azstemzcellzmustzbez____zandz____z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-self-renewingzandztotipotent

azstemzcellzmustzbez____zandz____z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-self-renewingzandztotipotent

Absolutezrefractoryzperiodz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Thezperiodzofztimezafterzanzactionzpotentialziszsentzwherezitziszimpossibleztozsendzanotherza
ctionzpotential

Acetylcholinez-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Neurotransmitterzatzneuromuscularzjunction.zSynthesizedzbyzallzmotorzneuronszintzhezspin
alzcordzandzbrainzstem.zOtherzcholinergeniczcellszcontributeztozfunctionszofzspecificzcircuitsz
inzPNSzandzCNS.

AChzsynthesisz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
RequireszcholinezacetyltransferasezChATz(manufacturedzinzsomazandztransportedztozaxon

,zterminal)zOnlyzcholinergiczneuronszcontainzChAT,zsozthiszenzymeziszazgoodzmarkerzforzcell
szthatzusezACh.zEx:zImmunocytochemzwithzChATzspecificzantibodieszcanzidentifyzcholinerg
iczneurons.zChATzsynthesizeszAChzinzcytosolzofzaxonzterminal,zandzneurotransmitterziszco
ncentratedzinzsynapticzvesicleszbyzAChztransporter.zChATztransferszacetylzgroupzfromzacet
ylzCoAztozcholine(fromzextracellularzfluidztakenzupzbyztransporter).

AChEz(Acetylcholinesterase)z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
degradativezenzyme.zsecretedzintozsynapticzcleftzandziszassociatedzwithzcholinergiczaxonzt
erminalzmembranes.zAlsozmanufacturedzbyzsomeznoncholinergiczneuronsz(notzusefulzaszaz
marketzforzcholinergiczsynapses)

Actionzpotentialz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Nervezimpulsezfromzaxonalzmembranezthatzenableszitztozconductzazspecialztypezofzsignalzth
atzovercomeszbiologicalzconstraints.zActionzpotentialszdoznotzdiminishzoverzdistancezandzth
eyzarezsignalszofzfixedzsizezandzduration.zInformationziszencodedzinzthezfrequencyzofzactionz
potentialszaszwellzaszinzthezdistributionzandznumberzofzneuronszfiringzactionzpotentialszinzazg
ivenznerve.zThezactionzpotentialzcauseszthezrestingzmembraneztozbecomezpositivelyzcharg
edzwithzrespectztozthezoutside-zaboutzazthousandthzofzazsecond.

actionzpotentialz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-rapid,zlarge,zregenerativezdepolarization

Actionzpotentials
a.zalwayszoccurzwithzthezsamezfrequency.
b.zincreasezinzamplitudezinzresponseztozstrongerzstimuli.
c.zoccurzwhenzthezinfluxzofzNa+ziszgreaterzthanzthezeffluxzofzK+.
d.zAllzofzthezabove
e.zNonezofzthezabovez-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
c.zActionzpotentialszoccurzwhenzthezinfluxzofzNa+ziszgreaterzthanzthezeffluxzofzK+.

Actionzpotentialsz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
azlargezdepolarizingzsignalzalongzthezaxon,zstartszatzthezaxonzhillock,zallzorznone,zsuddenzin
fluxzofzNa+zthroughzvoltage-gatedzchannels.zDepolarizationzmustzreachzthresholdzofz-
55zmV

Actionzpotentialszarezpropagatedzalongzanzaxonzdueztozthe
a.zopeningzofzvoltage-gatedzNa+zchannels
b.zpassivezdiffusionzofzelectricalzcurrent
c.zmembranezdepolarization
d.zallzofzthezabove
e.znonezofzthezabovez-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
d.zactionzpotentialszarezpropagatedzalongzanzaxonzdueztozthezopeningzofzvoltage-
gatedzNa+zchannels,zpassivezdiffusionzofzelectricalzcurrent,zandzmembranezdepolarization

actionzpotentialsztravelzalongzthezaxonzwithoutzdecayzandzrequirezwhatztwozthingsz-
zCORRECTzzANSWER-

,presencezofzvoltagezgatedzsodiumzandzpotassiumzchannels,zandzmaintenancezofzthezrestin
gzVmz(membranezpotential)

ActivezTransportz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-protein-mediatedzpumpz
requireszenergy
glucose,zaminozacids,zvitamins,zhormones

ActivezZonesz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Thezmembranezdifferentiationzofzthezpresynapticzmembranezthatzcontainszpyramid-
likezproteinszwherezneurotransmitterszarezreleased

AdenylylzCyclasez-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
enzymezthatzcatalyzeszthezreactionztozconvertzATPzintozcAMP

Afterzanzactionzpotentialzhaszoccurred,zthezperiodzofztimezduringzwhichzthatzaxonziszresistan
tztozfurtherzexcitationziszcalledzthez_____________________________.z-
zCORRECTzzANSWER-

Afterzanzactionzpotentialzhaszoccurred,zthezperiodzofztimezduringzwhichzthatzaxonziszresistan
tztozfurtherzexcitationziszcalledzthezRefractoryzperiod.

After-hyperpolarizationz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-Anotherzwordzforzundershoot

Aminozacidzgatedzchannelsz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
MediatezmostzofzthezfastzsynapticztransmissionzinzthezCNS.
1)zPharmacologyzofztheirzbindingzsiteszdescribeszwhichztransmitterszaffectzthemzandzhowzd
rugszinteractzwithzthem.
2)zKineticszofztheztransmitterzbindingzprocesszandzchannelzgatingzdeterminezthezdurationzfo
ztheirzeffect

3)zSelectivityzofzionzchannelszdetermineszwhetherztheyzproducezexcitationzorzinhibitionzand
zwhetherzCazenterszthezcellzinzsignificantzamounts

4)zconductancezofzopenzchannelszhelpszdeterminezthezmagnitudezofztheirzeffects

AminozAcidzStructurez-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Allzhavezazcentralzcarbonzatoz(alphazcarbon)zwhichziszcovalentlyzbondedztozfourzmolecularz
groups,zazhydrogenzatom,zanzaminozgroupz(NH3+),zazcarboxylzgroupz(COO-
)zandzazvariablezgroupzcalledzthezRzgroup.

AMPAzReceptorsz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Permeableztozbothzsodiumzandzpotassium,zmostzaren'tzpermeableztozcalcium.zNetzeffectzatz
rest:zadmitzNazintozcell,zcausingzrapidzdepolarization.zAMPAzreceptorszatzCNSzsynapseszm
ediatezexcitatoryztransmissionzinzsamezwayzasznicotiniczreceptorszatzneuromuscularzjuncti
ons.

Anzexamplezofzazneurotransmitterzthatzisztypicallyzreleasedzatzexcititoryzsynapseszis:
a.zGlutamate
b.zAcetylzcholine

, c.zdopamine
d.zBothzazandzb.
e.zallzofzthezabovez-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
e.zglutamate,zacetylzcholine,zandzdopaminezarezallzexampleszofzneurotransmitterszthatzarez
typicallyzreleasedzatzexcitatoryzsynapses

Anzinhibitoryzpostsynapticzpotentialz(IPSP)zcanzbezdepolarizing.zTruez/zFalsez-
zCORRECTzzANSWER-True




Anzinwardzcurrentziszdefinedzaszanzinfluxzofz__________________________zions.z-
zCORRECTzzANSWER-Anzinwardzcurrentziszdefinedzaszanzinfluxzofzpositivezions.




Areztherezcellszinzthezbrainzthatzcanzgivezriseztoznewzneuronszinzvivo?z-
zCORRECTzzANSWER-yes




Areztherezcellszinzthezbrainzthatzcanzgivezriseztoznewzneuronszinzvivo?z-
zCORRECTzzANSWER-yes




areazpostremaz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
basezofzthezbrain,zguardszthezBBB,ztoxinzdetectionzincludeszvomiting

Aszanzactionzpotentialztravelszdownzanzaxon,zthezNa+zchannelszthatzhavezjustzopenedzare_
______(time-
dependent)zandzcannotzrespondztozfurtherzmembranezdepolarization.zSo,zevenzthoughzpas
sivezcurrentzcanzflowzinzbothzdirectionszalongzanzaxon,zonlyzthezv-
gz______zchannelszthatzhaven'tzrecentlyzopenedzcanzrespondz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Inactive,zNa+

Astrocytez"endzfeet"z+zBloodzvesselz=z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-Glialzlimitans

Astrocytez"endzfeet"z+zBloodzvesselz=z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-Glialzlimitans

Astrocytezcanzformzazsyncytium.zWhatziszazsyncytium?z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
azcontinousznetworkzviazgapzjunctions

Astrocytezcanzformzazsyncytium.zWhatziszazsyncytium?z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
azcontinousznetworkzviazgapzjunctions

astrocytesz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
facilitatezneuronalzcommunication,zdividezinzresponseztozinjuryzorzdisease,zprovidezneurotr
ophinsztozneurons,zremovezwasteszandzexcesszneurotransmitter,zclean-upzcrew

Astrocytesz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
providezphysicalzsupportzandzTRANSPORTznutrientsztozneurons