Community Relations Exam II +CLEET
Relations
The U.S. Supreme Court held that due process of law required appointment of counsel for
young, inexperienced, illiterate, and indigent defendants in capital cases in: - ANS -Powell v.
Alabama
The U.S. Supreme Court required the appointment of counsel for all indigent defendants in
federal criminal cases in: - ANS -Johnson v. Zerbst
The U.S. Supreme Court applied the right to counsel at all critical stages in the criminal justice
process, not just at trial, in: - ANS -Mempa v. Rhay
The U.S. Supreme Court extended to the states the requirement to appoint for all indigent
defendants in: - ANS -1963
The right to counsel in all criminal prosecutions is established in the __________ Amendment to
the U.S. Constitution. - ANS -6th Amendment
The emphasis of bail reform efforts in the 1960s was - ANS -Reduction of Pretrial detention
The emphasis of bail reform efforts in the 1970s was - ANS -Preventive detention
The U.S. Supreme Court held that the decision to prosecute may not be deliberately based
upon an unjustifiable standard such as race, religion, or other arbitrary classification in: - ANS
-BrodenKircher v. Haye
In 1984, the Supreme Court articulated constitutional standards for determining whether a
defendant had ineffective assistance of counsel in the case of: - ANS -Strickland v. Washington
The odds of pretrial detention for__________ males were twice those for white males, and the
differences between these males and either African-American females or white females were
even larger. - ANS -African American
The first bail reform movement occurred during the 19__ - ANS -2960s
The second bail reform movement occurred during the 19___ - ANS -1970s
In 1951 there were only ___________________ public defender organizations in the US. - ANS
-7
, In most states, _____________________________ felony cases are dismissed by the
prosecutor prior to a determination of guilt or innocence. - ANS -1/3 or 1/2 of all felony cases
The ______________________________ Project found that the majority of defendants
released on their own recognizance did appear for trial. - ANS -Manhattan Bail Project
Repeated studies consistently show that pretrial detention has __________ effects on other
case processing decisions. - ANS -Spillover effect
As part of the courtroom workgroup, in other words, public defenders are in a better position
than private attorneys to negotiate favorable plea bargains and thus to ______________
punishment. - ANS -Mitigate
Richard Sander, a law professor at the University of California Los Angeles, noted that
________ percent of the African-American students who entered law school in the fall of 1991
either did not graduate or did not pass the bar exam. - ANS -
A number of studies document ____________________ racial discrimination in bail decisions. -
ANS -Direct
When asked about the amount of racial bias that currently exists in the justice system, more
than half of the African American lawyers, but only _______ percent of the white lawyers,
answered "very much." - ANS -
The strongest predictor of the outcome of a bail decision is: - ANS -Prosecutor's
recommendation on type and amount of bail
_______ is the case regarding a white student suing for admission to the University of Michigan
Law School. - ANS -
The U.S. Supreme Court barred imprisonment of a person for any offense unless they are
represented by counsel in: - ANS -Gideon v. Wainwright 1963
The U.S. Supreme Court held that defendants are entitled to effective assistance of counsel in
1984, but this was later revisited in the 2002 case of: - ANS -Williams V. Taylor
The U.S. Supreme Court held that federal criminal procedure rules regarding discovery do not
require release of documents needed to make a selective prosecution claim in: - ANS -US v.
Armstrong 1996
The USSC (US Supreme Court) first addressed racial discrimination in jury selection in: - ANS
-Strauder v. West Virginia 1880
Relations
The U.S. Supreme Court held that due process of law required appointment of counsel for
young, inexperienced, illiterate, and indigent defendants in capital cases in: - ANS -Powell v.
Alabama
The U.S. Supreme Court required the appointment of counsel for all indigent defendants in
federal criminal cases in: - ANS -Johnson v. Zerbst
The U.S. Supreme Court applied the right to counsel at all critical stages in the criminal justice
process, not just at trial, in: - ANS -Mempa v. Rhay
The U.S. Supreme Court extended to the states the requirement to appoint for all indigent
defendants in: - ANS -1963
The right to counsel in all criminal prosecutions is established in the __________ Amendment to
the U.S. Constitution. - ANS -6th Amendment
The emphasis of bail reform efforts in the 1960s was - ANS -Reduction of Pretrial detention
The emphasis of bail reform efforts in the 1970s was - ANS -Preventive detention
The U.S. Supreme Court held that the decision to prosecute may not be deliberately based
upon an unjustifiable standard such as race, religion, or other arbitrary classification in: - ANS
-BrodenKircher v. Haye
In 1984, the Supreme Court articulated constitutional standards for determining whether a
defendant had ineffective assistance of counsel in the case of: - ANS -Strickland v. Washington
The odds of pretrial detention for__________ males were twice those for white males, and the
differences between these males and either African-American females or white females were
even larger. - ANS -African American
The first bail reform movement occurred during the 19__ - ANS -2960s
The second bail reform movement occurred during the 19___ - ANS -1970s
In 1951 there were only ___________________ public defender organizations in the US. - ANS
-7
, In most states, _____________________________ felony cases are dismissed by the
prosecutor prior to a determination of guilt or innocence. - ANS -1/3 or 1/2 of all felony cases
The ______________________________ Project found that the majority of defendants
released on their own recognizance did appear for trial. - ANS -Manhattan Bail Project
Repeated studies consistently show that pretrial detention has __________ effects on other
case processing decisions. - ANS -Spillover effect
As part of the courtroom workgroup, in other words, public defenders are in a better position
than private attorneys to negotiate favorable plea bargains and thus to ______________
punishment. - ANS -Mitigate
Richard Sander, a law professor at the University of California Los Angeles, noted that
________ percent of the African-American students who entered law school in the fall of 1991
either did not graduate or did not pass the bar exam. - ANS -
A number of studies document ____________________ racial discrimination in bail decisions. -
ANS -Direct
When asked about the amount of racial bias that currently exists in the justice system, more
than half of the African American lawyers, but only _______ percent of the white lawyers,
answered "very much." - ANS -
The strongest predictor of the outcome of a bail decision is: - ANS -Prosecutor's
recommendation on type and amount of bail
_______ is the case regarding a white student suing for admission to the University of Michigan
Law School. - ANS -
The U.S. Supreme Court barred imprisonment of a person for any offense unless they are
represented by counsel in: - ANS -Gideon v. Wainwright 1963
The U.S. Supreme Court held that defendants are entitled to effective assistance of counsel in
1984, but this was later revisited in the 2002 case of: - ANS -Williams V. Taylor
The U.S. Supreme Court held that federal criminal procedure rules regarding discovery do not
require release of documents needed to make a selective prosecution claim in: - ANS -US v.
Armstrong 1996
The USSC (US Supreme Court) first addressed racial discrimination in jury selection in: - ANS
-Strauder v. West Virginia 1880
