Final exam - assessment – UTA
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Fasting blood sugar / blood glucose normal level: - ✔✔65-99
100-135 = pre-diabetes
critical = >400
Hgb A1c normal values - ✔✔4-6%
Optimal diabetic control = less than or equal to 7%.
Hemoglobin normal vals: - ✔✔males = 13-18
females = 13-16
(This is increased w/ dehydration or polycythemia)
Hematocrit normal vals: - ✔✔males = 40-52%
females = 36-48%
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,(decreased w/ overhydration and blood loss; poor dietary intake or iron / protein and
certain vitamins.
Serum albumin level normal vals: - ✔✔3.5-5.5
Mild depletion = 2.8-3.5
Mod depletion = 2.1-2.7
Sev depletion= <2.1
(increased w/ dehydration)
(decreased with overhydration, malnutrition, and liver dx)
Total protein level normal vals: - ✔✔6-8
(decreased in pregnancy, burns and such disorders such as chronic alcoholism,
cirrhosis, crohn's dx and ulcerative colitis / myeloma.
Pre-albumin normal vals: - ✔✔15-30
Mild depletion = 10-15
Mod depletion = 5-10
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,Sev depltion = <5
**decreased w/ undernutrition and malnutrition
Transferrin normal vals: - ✔✔200-400
Mild depletion = 150-299
Mod depletion = 100-149
Sev depletion = <100
Blood pressure taking techniques: - ✔✔-Record readings to the nearest 2 mmHg -duhhh
-client may sit down or lie down.
-the 'ideal' cuff should have a bladder length that is 80% and a width that is at least 40%
of the arm circumference.
Pain scale for infants = - ✔✔-FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) - infants
Adventitious sounds = - ✔✔additional sounds heard over normal breath sounds
(wheezing / crackles) have the client cough to clear the airway and listen again.
Pleural friction rubs = - ✔✔low-pitched, dry, grating sounds
Cardiac landmarks for auscultation!!!! - ✔✔Aortic = 2nd ICS; RSB
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, Pulmonic = 2nd / 3rd ICS LSB
Erbs point 3rd ICS LSB
Mitral (apical) = 5th ICS, MCL (may be harder to feel in younger patients......
JVD: - ✔✔Should not be visible with a client sitting at a 45 degree angle or more. If seen
it could be caused by RV failure; pulm HTN; pulm emboli; fluid overload. Heart failure
pts have orthopnea.
Arterial insufficiency: - ✔✔dry, shiny, cold, pale, hairless, poor cap refill, decreased /
absent pulses, pale with elev of ext.
-ulcers = circular painful deep
-Risk factors- smoking, diabetes, obesity, high BP
Venous insufficiency: - ✔✔edema, reddish/blue coloration, pulses are hard to palpate
because of edema, think skin
Ulcers-superficial, irregular borders
Bowel sounds: - ✔✔Hyperactive- gastroenteritis, diarrhea, laxatives, early bowel
obstruction
Hypoactive- paralytic ileus after abdominal surgery, inflammation of peritoneum, late
bowel obstruction
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Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Fasting blood sugar / blood glucose normal level: - ✔✔65-99
100-135 = pre-diabetes
critical = >400
Hgb A1c normal values - ✔✔4-6%
Optimal diabetic control = less than or equal to 7%.
Hemoglobin normal vals: - ✔✔males = 13-18
females = 13-16
(This is increased w/ dehydration or polycythemia)
Hematocrit normal vals: - ✔✔males = 40-52%
females = 36-48%
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,(decreased w/ overhydration and blood loss; poor dietary intake or iron / protein and
certain vitamins.
Serum albumin level normal vals: - ✔✔3.5-5.5
Mild depletion = 2.8-3.5
Mod depletion = 2.1-2.7
Sev depletion= <2.1
(increased w/ dehydration)
(decreased with overhydration, malnutrition, and liver dx)
Total protein level normal vals: - ✔✔6-8
(decreased in pregnancy, burns and such disorders such as chronic alcoholism,
cirrhosis, crohn's dx and ulcerative colitis / myeloma.
Pre-albumin normal vals: - ✔✔15-30
Mild depletion = 10-15
Mod depletion = 5-10
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,Sev depltion = <5
**decreased w/ undernutrition and malnutrition
Transferrin normal vals: - ✔✔200-400
Mild depletion = 150-299
Mod depletion = 100-149
Sev depletion = <100
Blood pressure taking techniques: - ✔✔-Record readings to the nearest 2 mmHg -duhhh
-client may sit down or lie down.
-the 'ideal' cuff should have a bladder length that is 80% and a width that is at least 40%
of the arm circumference.
Pain scale for infants = - ✔✔-FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) - infants
Adventitious sounds = - ✔✔additional sounds heard over normal breath sounds
(wheezing / crackles) have the client cough to clear the airway and listen again.
Pleural friction rubs = - ✔✔low-pitched, dry, grating sounds
Cardiac landmarks for auscultation!!!! - ✔✔Aortic = 2nd ICS; RSB
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, Pulmonic = 2nd / 3rd ICS LSB
Erbs point 3rd ICS LSB
Mitral (apical) = 5th ICS, MCL (may be harder to feel in younger patients......
JVD: - ✔✔Should not be visible with a client sitting at a 45 degree angle or more. If seen
it could be caused by RV failure; pulm HTN; pulm emboli; fluid overload. Heart failure
pts have orthopnea.
Arterial insufficiency: - ✔✔dry, shiny, cold, pale, hairless, poor cap refill, decreased /
absent pulses, pale with elev of ext.
-ulcers = circular painful deep
-Risk factors- smoking, diabetes, obesity, high BP
Venous insufficiency: - ✔✔edema, reddish/blue coloration, pulses are hard to palpate
because of edema, think skin
Ulcers-superficial, irregular borders
Bowel sounds: - ✔✔Hyperactive- gastroenteritis, diarrhea, laxatives, early bowel
obstruction
Hypoactive- paralytic ileus after abdominal surgery, inflammation of peritoneum, late
bowel obstruction
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
