UTA Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Clinical manifestations of Pulmonary Embolism - CORRECT ANSWER - Sudden onset
pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, unexplained anxiety
Less common- syncope and hemoptysis
Risk factors for PE - CORRECT ANSWER - Triad of Virchow
Venous stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial injury
CM of pulmonary edema - CORRECT ANSWER - Dyspnea, orthopnea, hypoxemia,
increased work of breathing, inspiratory crackles (rales), pink frothy sputum, hypoventilation
with hypercapnea
Causes of pulmonary edema - CORRECT ANSWER - Left-sided heart failure (most
common), capillary injury, lymphatic blockage
Risk factors for pulmonary edema - CORRECT ANSWER - Heart disease, ARDS,
inhalation of toxic gasses
What treatment is mandatory for pulmonary edema? - CORRECT ANSWER - O2
administration
What is flail chest? - CORRECT ANSWER - Fracture of several consecutive ribs in more
than one place or fracture of sternum and several consecutive ribs
CM of flail chest - CORRECT ANSWER - Pain, dyspnea, unequal chest expansion,
hypoventilation, hypoxemia
, How does flail chest move during respirations? - CORRECT ANSWER - Inspiration=
inward movement of injured area
Expiration= outward movement of injured area
Types of and causes of pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWER - Primary- spontaneous,
occurs in thin males 20-40 or patients with emphysema
Secondary- from trauma, rupture of COPD bleb or bulla, or mechanical ventilation (especially if
it includes PEEP)
Iatrogenic- trans thoracic needle aspiration
Tension- pleural rupture
Define pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWER - Presence of air or gas on pleural space
from rupture in visceral pleura. Lung will collapse.
CM of pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWER - Sudden pleural pain
Tachypnea
Mild dyspnea
Absent or decreased breath sounds
Deviated trachea
SOB
Hypotension
Severe hypoxemia
Result of tension pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWER - Rupture acts as one way valve-
air enters but is unable to escape. Pressures continue to increase.
Causes complete lung collapse, compression and displacement of heart and great vessels
Pleural effusion types and causes - CORRECT ANSWER - Transudative- watery fluid-
from increased hydrostatic or decreased Oncotic pressure
Exudative- WBC and plasma proteins- response to inflammation, infection, or malignancy
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Clinical manifestations of Pulmonary Embolism - CORRECT ANSWER - Sudden onset
pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, unexplained anxiety
Less common- syncope and hemoptysis
Risk factors for PE - CORRECT ANSWER - Triad of Virchow
Venous stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial injury
CM of pulmonary edema - CORRECT ANSWER - Dyspnea, orthopnea, hypoxemia,
increased work of breathing, inspiratory crackles (rales), pink frothy sputum, hypoventilation
with hypercapnea
Causes of pulmonary edema - CORRECT ANSWER - Left-sided heart failure (most
common), capillary injury, lymphatic blockage
Risk factors for pulmonary edema - CORRECT ANSWER - Heart disease, ARDS,
inhalation of toxic gasses
What treatment is mandatory for pulmonary edema? - CORRECT ANSWER - O2
administration
What is flail chest? - CORRECT ANSWER - Fracture of several consecutive ribs in more
than one place or fracture of sternum and several consecutive ribs
CM of flail chest - CORRECT ANSWER - Pain, dyspnea, unequal chest expansion,
hypoventilation, hypoxemia
, How does flail chest move during respirations? - CORRECT ANSWER - Inspiration=
inward movement of injured area
Expiration= outward movement of injured area
Types of and causes of pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWER - Primary- spontaneous,
occurs in thin males 20-40 or patients with emphysema
Secondary- from trauma, rupture of COPD bleb or bulla, or mechanical ventilation (especially if
it includes PEEP)
Iatrogenic- trans thoracic needle aspiration
Tension- pleural rupture
Define pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWER - Presence of air or gas on pleural space
from rupture in visceral pleura. Lung will collapse.
CM of pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWER - Sudden pleural pain
Tachypnea
Mild dyspnea
Absent or decreased breath sounds
Deviated trachea
SOB
Hypotension
Severe hypoxemia
Result of tension pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWER - Rupture acts as one way valve-
air enters but is unable to escape. Pressures continue to increase.
Causes complete lung collapse, compression and displacement of heart and great vessels
Pleural effusion types and causes - CORRECT ANSWER - Transudative- watery fluid-
from increased hydrostatic or decreased Oncotic pressure
Exudative- WBC and plasma proteins- response to inflammation, infection, or malignancy
