N4301 ADULTS Exam 2 Questions And
Answers Latest 2025
The normal level for total serum calcium ranges from ___ to ___
while the free or ionized serum calcium ranges from ___ to ___ ?
How would malnutrition affect total calcium?
How would acidosis affect total calcium? -
correct answer ✅8.6-10.2
4.6-5.2
Malnutrition causes deceased albumin-so total would be lower
because the amount of bound calcium would be lower
Acidosis results in MORE ionized calcium. Breathing into a paper
bag would temporarily increase your serum calcium
*You will want to memorize the normal values for both total and
ionized. Also know the role that serum albumin levels and serum
pH has on ionized calcium levels*
Changes in serum pH affect ionized calcium levels
,N4301 ADULTS Exam 2 Questions And
Answers Latest 2025
Acidosis=____ionized calcium
Alkalosis=____ ionized calcium -
correct answer ✅Acidosis=more ionized calcium
Alkalosis=less ionized calcium
*think Al-Kal-losis=Ionic Kalcium-Losses
Will these events inhibit or stimulate the release of ADH?
1. Hemorrhage?
2. Hypotension?
3. Drinking a liter of water in 10 min?
4. A serum osmolality of 275 mOs/kg? -
correct answer ✅1-Stimulate
2-Stimulate
3-Inhibit
4-Inhibit
(Normal range is 280-295 mOSM/kg)
,N4301 ADULTS Exam 2 Questions And
Answers Latest 2025
What is the main trigger for ADH release? -
correct answer ✅high serum osmolality (normal range is 275-295
mOSM/kg)-300 or more is considered "high"
Diabetes Insipidus is a disorder that results from _____ of ADH?
A. Overproduction
B. Underproduction -
correct answer ✅underproduction
A patient had a closed head injury. He has a foley catheter that was
placed in the ER and you notice that the bag is full of clear light
yellow urine. You empty 1,250 mL from the foley bag. Several
chemistry labs were drawn in the ER:
-Sodium level 149 mEq/L (reference range 135-
145 mEq/L)
-Serum osmolality 306 mOsm/kg (reference range 275-295
mOsm/kg)
What is the problem here?
, N4301 ADULTS Exam 2 Questions And
Answers Latest 2025
What would be the treatment for this? -
correct answer ✅Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
,not making AHD so large amounts of dilute urine and high serum
osmolarity.
The patient would receive a synthetic ADH called Desmopressin
(DDVAP) and D5W (free water)-you wouldn't 1ml/hr for every 1 mL
of urine loss. You would;t give sodium chloride or NS 0.9% (isotonic)
because the patient already has hypernatremia.
To normalize a low serum calcium level, the body releases
parathyroid hormone (PTH); this results in which therapeutic
effect?
A. Decrease in the intestinal absorption of calcium
B. Increase in bone resorption of calcium
C. Increase in renal calcium excretion
D. Increase in plasma levels of phosphate -
correct answer ✅B. Increase in bone resorption of calcium
Answers Latest 2025
The normal level for total serum calcium ranges from ___ to ___
while the free or ionized serum calcium ranges from ___ to ___ ?
How would malnutrition affect total calcium?
How would acidosis affect total calcium? -
correct answer ✅8.6-10.2
4.6-5.2
Malnutrition causes deceased albumin-so total would be lower
because the amount of bound calcium would be lower
Acidosis results in MORE ionized calcium. Breathing into a paper
bag would temporarily increase your serum calcium
*You will want to memorize the normal values for both total and
ionized. Also know the role that serum albumin levels and serum
pH has on ionized calcium levels*
Changes in serum pH affect ionized calcium levels
,N4301 ADULTS Exam 2 Questions And
Answers Latest 2025
Acidosis=____ionized calcium
Alkalosis=____ ionized calcium -
correct answer ✅Acidosis=more ionized calcium
Alkalosis=less ionized calcium
*think Al-Kal-losis=Ionic Kalcium-Losses
Will these events inhibit or stimulate the release of ADH?
1. Hemorrhage?
2. Hypotension?
3. Drinking a liter of water in 10 min?
4. A serum osmolality of 275 mOs/kg? -
correct answer ✅1-Stimulate
2-Stimulate
3-Inhibit
4-Inhibit
(Normal range is 280-295 mOSM/kg)
,N4301 ADULTS Exam 2 Questions And
Answers Latest 2025
What is the main trigger for ADH release? -
correct answer ✅high serum osmolality (normal range is 275-295
mOSM/kg)-300 or more is considered "high"
Diabetes Insipidus is a disorder that results from _____ of ADH?
A. Overproduction
B. Underproduction -
correct answer ✅underproduction
A patient had a closed head injury. He has a foley catheter that was
placed in the ER and you notice that the bag is full of clear light
yellow urine. You empty 1,250 mL from the foley bag. Several
chemistry labs were drawn in the ER:
-Sodium level 149 mEq/L (reference range 135-
145 mEq/L)
-Serum osmolality 306 mOsm/kg (reference range 275-295
mOsm/kg)
What is the problem here?
, N4301 ADULTS Exam 2 Questions And
Answers Latest 2025
What would be the treatment for this? -
correct answer ✅Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
,not making AHD so large amounts of dilute urine and high serum
osmolarity.
The patient would receive a synthetic ADH called Desmopressin
(DDVAP) and D5W (free water)-you wouldn't 1ml/hr for every 1 mL
of urine loss. You would;t give sodium chloride or NS 0.9% (isotonic)
because the patient already has hypernatremia.
To normalize a low serum calcium level, the body releases
parathyroid hormone (PTH); this results in which therapeutic
effect?
A. Decrease in the intestinal absorption of calcium
B. Increase in bone resorption of calcium
C. Increase in renal calcium excretion
D. Increase in plasma levels of phosphate -
correct answer ✅B. Increase in bone resorption of calcium
