,Chapter 01: The Evolution of Professional Nursing
ai ai ai ai ai ai
Cherry & Jacob: Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends, and Management, 7th Editio
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
n
MULTIPLE CHOICE ai
1. Clara Barton is known for:
ai ai ai ai
a. becoming the first black public health nurse. ai ai ai ai ai ai
b. establishing the Henry Street Settlement. ai ai ai ai
c. founding the American Red Cross. ai ai ai ai
d. publicizing the inadequacies of hospital-based nursing schools. ai ai ai ai ai ai
ANS: C a i
The American Red Cross, founded by Clara Barton in 1882, assisted in efforts to continue pub
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
lic health nursing.
ai ai
DIF: Knowledge REF: aiai p. 11 ai
2. Students are assigned to write to their state leaders about an issue affecting their community.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
One student writes about the need among rural community for greater access to acute care se
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
rvices. Which of the following pieces of legislation should the student use as a reference?
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. Social Security Act ai ai
b. Hill-Burton Act ai
c. Sheppard-Towner Act ai
d. U.S. Civil Service Act ai ai ai
ANS: B a i
The purpose of the Hill-
ai ai ai ai
Burton Act was to provide funding to construct hospitals and to help states in plan for other healt
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
h care facilities in accordance with the needs of communities.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
DIF: Knowledge REF: aiai p. 13 ai
3. The practice of public health nursing and the Henry Street Settlement are credited to:
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. Mary Breckenridge. ai
b. Mary Seacole. ai
c. Clara Barton. ai
d. Lillian Wald. ai
ANS: D a i
Lillian Wald, a pioneer in public health nursing, is best known for the development and establis
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
hment of the Henry Street Settlement.
ai ai ai ai ai
DIF: Knowledge REF: aiai p. 6 ai
4. Occupational health nursing features beliefs similar to those of which early nursing pioneer?
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. Lillian Wald ai
b. Florence Nightingale ai
c. Clara Barton ai
d. Mary Seacole ai
ANS: A a i
, Lillian Wald developed the first nursing service for occupational health.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
DIF: Comprehension REF: aiai p. 10 ai
5. What historical event first led to the recognition of the contribution of blacks to nursing?
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. Florence Nightingale‘s acceptance of black nurses into the first nursing school
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
b. The contributions of black nurses at the Pennsylvania Hospital, the first hospital in
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
America
c. Mary Seacole‘s efforts to care for soldiers during the Crimean War
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
d. The work done by wives of wealthy black nobles who carried food and medicine
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
from house to house during the Middle Ages
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
ANS: C a i
Although Nightingale‘s school refused Seacole, she was able to make a difference in the Crim
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
ean War and later was recognized for her efforts.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
DIF: Comprehension REF: pp. 8-9 aiai ai
6. World War I contributed to the advancement of health care by:
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. increasing the number of private care hospitals and decreasing the role of public
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
health services. ai
b. employing a large number of civilians to provide care to returning soldiers through
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
the Red Cross.
ai ai
c. introducing specialists in nursing such as nurse anesthetists. ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
d. increasing the number of community health nurses. ai ai ai ai ai ai
ANS: C a i
World War I offered nurses a chance to enter into new fields of specialization, as is seen in the
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
example of nurse anesthetists, who became part of surgical teams at the front lines.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
DIF: Comprehension REF: aiai p. 11 ai
7. The primary purpose of the Social Security Act of 1935 was to:
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. increase research that focused on minority groups. ai ai ai ai ai ai
b. provide medical care for chemically impaired persons.
ai ai ai ai ai ai
c. ensure health care for older adults through a national insurance system.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
d. decrease the public‘s financial burden by limiting services offered by local health
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
departments.
ANS: C a i
By providing health insurance for older adults, the Social Security Act of 1935 set the preced
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
ent for the passage of the Medicare and Medicaid Acts that followed in 1965, but the act also p
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
rovided maternal and child welfare services, rehabilitation for the mentally and physically ch
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
allenged, medical care for blind individuals and crippled children, and unemployment benefit
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
s.
DIF: Comprehension REF: aiai p. 12 ai
8. A client asks the nurse, ―Can you explain Medicare, an amendment to the Social Security
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
Act?‖ The nurse responds that Medicare:
ai ai ai ai ai
a. led to many hospital closings, along with a decrease in acute care hospital–
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
based nursing care. ai ai
, b. provided medical insurance to those younger adults or children who were not
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
eligible for private insurance because of catastrophic illnesses such as cancer.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
c. provided preventive care for women, infants, and children. ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
d. ensured that individuals ages 65 and older and those with end-
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
stage renal disease or permanent disabilities had health care insurance.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
ANS: D a i
The Medicare program provides hospital insurance, Part A, and medical insurance, Part B, to
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
all people ages 65 and older who are eligible to receive Social Security benefits; people with
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
total, permanent disabilities; and people with end-stage renal disease.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
DIF: a i a i Comprehension REF: aiai p. 14 ai
9. A comparison of nursing in the 1980s to nursing in the 1990s reveals that:
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. in the 1990s nursing experienced a significant reduction occurred in preventable
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
diseases caused by unsafe/unhealthy lifestyles. ai ai ai ai
b. tuberculosis was the primary concern for nursing in the 1980s, whereas the AIDS ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
epidemic emerged and was its focus during the 1990s. ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
c. a decrease in ambulatory services in the 1980s prompted an increase in public
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
health nurses in the 1990s. ai ai ai ai
d. the demand for advanced practice nurses increased in the 1980s and the 1990s as a
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
result of the economy and concern about the health of the nation.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
ANS: D a i
The numbers of advanced nurse practitioners increased as evidence of their cost-
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
effectiveness as providers of primary and preventive health care became established.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
DIF: a i a i Comprehension REF: pp. 16-17 aiai ai
10. Which statement accurately describes the historical perspective of nursing practice?
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. Nursing has existed to meet the needs of populations, individuals, and aggregates b
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
y providing care that is determined by the needs and beliefs of society in different h
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
istorical contexts. ai
b. As men began to become interested in nursing, it changed into a respected
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
profession based on scientific fact rather than superstition. ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
c. Nursing has historically accepted individuals from all social and ethnic
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
backgrounds.
d. The United States has led the way throughout history to advance nursing and
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
health care by providing the first hospital and medical school.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
ANS: A a i
Nursing has existed since biblical times to address needs ranging from contagious diseases in
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
early times to health prevention in the present time, with care based on health needs and belie
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
fs of the time.
ai ai ai
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 3 |pp. 18-19 aiai ai ai ai
11. The use of herbs has become a popular alternative to prescription drugs in today‘s health care
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
milieu. During which other historical periods did health practices focus on the use of herbs?
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. Prehistoric times and the Middle Ages ai ai ai ai ai
b. Civil War period and World War I ai ai ai ai ai ai
ai ai ai ai ai ai
Cherry & Jacob: Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends, and Management, 7th Editio
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
n
MULTIPLE CHOICE ai
1. Clara Barton is known for:
ai ai ai ai
a. becoming the first black public health nurse. ai ai ai ai ai ai
b. establishing the Henry Street Settlement. ai ai ai ai
c. founding the American Red Cross. ai ai ai ai
d. publicizing the inadequacies of hospital-based nursing schools. ai ai ai ai ai ai
ANS: C a i
The American Red Cross, founded by Clara Barton in 1882, assisted in efforts to continue pub
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
lic health nursing.
ai ai
DIF: Knowledge REF: aiai p. 11 ai
2. Students are assigned to write to their state leaders about an issue affecting their community.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
One student writes about the need among rural community for greater access to acute care se
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
rvices. Which of the following pieces of legislation should the student use as a reference?
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. Social Security Act ai ai
b. Hill-Burton Act ai
c. Sheppard-Towner Act ai
d. U.S. Civil Service Act ai ai ai
ANS: B a i
The purpose of the Hill-
ai ai ai ai
Burton Act was to provide funding to construct hospitals and to help states in plan for other healt
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
h care facilities in accordance with the needs of communities.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
DIF: Knowledge REF: aiai p. 13 ai
3. The practice of public health nursing and the Henry Street Settlement are credited to:
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. Mary Breckenridge. ai
b. Mary Seacole. ai
c. Clara Barton. ai
d. Lillian Wald. ai
ANS: D a i
Lillian Wald, a pioneer in public health nursing, is best known for the development and establis
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
hment of the Henry Street Settlement.
ai ai ai ai ai
DIF: Knowledge REF: aiai p. 6 ai
4. Occupational health nursing features beliefs similar to those of which early nursing pioneer?
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. Lillian Wald ai
b. Florence Nightingale ai
c. Clara Barton ai
d. Mary Seacole ai
ANS: A a i
, Lillian Wald developed the first nursing service for occupational health.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
DIF: Comprehension REF: aiai p. 10 ai
5. What historical event first led to the recognition of the contribution of blacks to nursing?
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. Florence Nightingale‘s acceptance of black nurses into the first nursing school
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
b. The contributions of black nurses at the Pennsylvania Hospital, the first hospital in
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
America
c. Mary Seacole‘s efforts to care for soldiers during the Crimean War
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
d. The work done by wives of wealthy black nobles who carried food and medicine
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
from house to house during the Middle Ages
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
ANS: C a i
Although Nightingale‘s school refused Seacole, she was able to make a difference in the Crim
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
ean War and later was recognized for her efforts.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
DIF: Comprehension REF: pp. 8-9 aiai ai
6. World War I contributed to the advancement of health care by:
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. increasing the number of private care hospitals and decreasing the role of public
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
health services. ai
b. employing a large number of civilians to provide care to returning soldiers through
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
the Red Cross.
ai ai
c. introducing specialists in nursing such as nurse anesthetists. ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
d. increasing the number of community health nurses. ai ai ai ai ai ai
ANS: C a i
World War I offered nurses a chance to enter into new fields of specialization, as is seen in the
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
example of nurse anesthetists, who became part of surgical teams at the front lines.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
DIF: Comprehension REF: aiai p. 11 ai
7. The primary purpose of the Social Security Act of 1935 was to:
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. increase research that focused on minority groups. ai ai ai ai ai ai
b. provide medical care for chemically impaired persons.
ai ai ai ai ai ai
c. ensure health care for older adults through a national insurance system.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
d. decrease the public‘s financial burden by limiting services offered by local health
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
departments.
ANS: C a i
By providing health insurance for older adults, the Social Security Act of 1935 set the preced
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
ent for the passage of the Medicare and Medicaid Acts that followed in 1965, but the act also p
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
rovided maternal and child welfare services, rehabilitation for the mentally and physically ch
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
allenged, medical care for blind individuals and crippled children, and unemployment benefit
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
s.
DIF: Comprehension REF: aiai p. 12 ai
8. A client asks the nurse, ―Can you explain Medicare, an amendment to the Social Security
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
Act?‖ The nurse responds that Medicare:
ai ai ai ai ai
a. led to many hospital closings, along with a decrease in acute care hospital–
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
based nursing care. ai ai
, b. provided medical insurance to those younger adults or children who were not
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
eligible for private insurance because of catastrophic illnesses such as cancer.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
c. provided preventive care for women, infants, and children. ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
d. ensured that individuals ages 65 and older and those with end-
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
stage renal disease or permanent disabilities had health care insurance.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
ANS: D a i
The Medicare program provides hospital insurance, Part A, and medical insurance, Part B, to
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
all people ages 65 and older who are eligible to receive Social Security benefits; people with
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
total, permanent disabilities; and people with end-stage renal disease.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
DIF: a i a i Comprehension REF: aiai p. 14 ai
9. A comparison of nursing in the 1980s to nursing in the 1990s reveals that:
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. in the 1990s nursing experienced a significant reduction occurred in preventable
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
diseases caused by unsafe/unhealthy lifestyles. ai ai ai ai
b. tuberculosis was the primary concern for nursing in the 1980s, whereas the AIDS ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
epidemic emerged and was its focus during the 1990s. ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
c. a decrease in ambulatory services in the 1980s prompted an increase in public
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
health nurses in the 1990s. ai ai ai ai
d. the demand for advanced practice nurses increased in the 1980s and the 1990s as a
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
result of the economy and concern about the health of the nation.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
ANS: D a i
The numbers of advanced nurse practitioners increased as evidence of their cost-
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
effectiveness as providers of primary and preventive health care became established.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
DIF: a i a i Comprehension REF: pp. 16-17 aiai ai
10. Which statement accurately describes the historical perspective of nursing practice?
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. Nursing has existed to meet the needs of populations, individuals, and aggregates b
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
y providing care that is determined by the needs and beliefs of society in different h
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
istorical contexts. ai
b. As men began to become interested in nursing, it changed into a respected
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
profession based on scientific fact rather than superstition. ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
c. Nursing has historically accepted individuals from all social and ethnic
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
backgrounds.
d. The United States has led the way throughout history to advance nursing and
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
health care by providing the first hospital and medical school.
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
ANS: A a i
Nursing has existed since biblical times to address needs ranging from contagious diseases in
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
early times to health prevention in the present time, with care based on health needs and belie
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
fs of the time.
ai ai ai
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 3 |pp. 18-19 aiai ai ai ai
11. The use of herbs has become a popular alternative to prescription drugs in today‘s health care
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
milieu. During which other historical periods did health practices focus on the use of herbs?
ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai ai
a. Prehistoric times and the Middle Ages ai ai ai ai ai
b. Civil War period and World War I ai ai ai ai ai ai
