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,Portage Learning / BIOD 151 a&p module 5
Anatomy of the Muscular System: Introduction & 1
Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Trunk
Notice: To optimize your learning in this course, we advise that you complete the labs and modules
as indicated in the BIOD 151 Lab Schedule.
The muscular system and the skeletal system work together to provide movement for the human
body. Muscle tissue is found in three distinct types in the body; skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
Skeletal muscles must have a blood and nervous supply to provide movement. Skeletal muscles are
under conscious control, meaning that a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to
complete an action. Communication within the body to coordinate movement starts in the brain with
a message that is sent through the spinal cord and eventually attaches to a muscle. Peripheral
nerves carry the signal from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to a specific
muscle destination to provide movement. Messages from the central nervous system to a muscle
are called a motor actions. Nerves also carry information from the external environment to the
central nervous system, called sensation or sensory input. (see Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2) Spinal
nerves combine to form complex networks of peripheral nerves throughout the body.
,Portage Learning / BIOD 151 a&p module 5
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Figure 5.1 Posterior view of the nervous system. The brain and spinal cord (central nervous
, Portage Learning / BIOD 151 a&p module 5
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system) connect to the peripheral nervous system. Examples of peripheral nerves are spinal nerves
(cervical, thoracic, and lumbar), the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, and the radial nerve.