Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Find out the approximate elevation of Mt. Everest in meters - ✔✔Between 8,800 and
8,900
According to the article, roughly what percentage of people who climb Mt. Everest die
there? - ✔✔10
The characteristic of the 'death zone' that prevents people from remaining there for
more than 48 hours is - ✔✔insufficient oxygen
- up there, the oxygen is only 1/3 of the sea level value
- the body will use up its store of oxygen faster than breathing can replenish it
- grabbing oxygen is the problem, not the release of it
The bar-headed geese migrate between - ✔✔India and Mongolia .
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,What is remarkable about the migration of the bar-headed geese? - ✔✔remarkable
because on their journey, they are able to fly above Mt. Everest, which is at a very high
altitude - this high altitude that Bar-Headed Geese can fly over, is at an altitude where
humans struggle to survive.
According to the article, the geese achieve this feat by - ✔✔- acquire oxygen very
efficiently.
- they also have more capillaries and more efficient red blood cells, meaning their
bodies can deliver more oxygen to muscle cells fast -> muscles have more mitochondria
(produces energy)
- hyperventilation (without feeling dizzy) to increase the net quantity of oxygen in the
blood
tidal volume - ✔✔The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs per breath when
breathing normally
vital capacity - ✔✔- The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled during
a respiratory cycle
- The greatest volume of air that be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest
breath possible
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,alveoli - ✔✔- Gas exchange happens here
- Tiny air sacs of the lungs that allow for rapid gas exchange (close contact of air and
blood)
- Where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the
process of breathing in and out - their presence increases the surface area of the lung to
maximize gas exchange
O2 partial pressure - ✔✔portion of total gas pressure exerted by oxygen rather than by
other gases in the mixture
residual volume - ✔✔the amount of air left in the lungs after exhaling - this volume is
never exchanged (1-1.5)
ventilation - ✔✔the movement of air through the conducting passages between the
atmosphere and the lungs
--> Occurs via inhalation when air enters the body through the nasal cavity - air passes
through the nasal cavity and is then warmed to body temperature.
gas exchange - ✔✔movement of oxygen from air into blood, and of co2 from blood into
air
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, The functions of the mammalian respiratory system are to supply ...... to the cells, which
they need for performing the process of ......, and to rid the body of ....... that was
produced by cells as a byproduct of ..... - ✔✔1. oxygen
2. respiration/the electron transport chain
3. carbon dioxide
4. citric acid cycle/respiration
The partial pressure of O2 (PO2) is ...... on Mt. Everest than it is at sea level. This is
because O2 makes up ...... percentage of the air molecules at high altitudes, but the total
number of air molecules there is ..... at sea level. - ✔✔1. lower
2. the same
3. lower than
Gases move from an area of .... partial pressure to an area of ..... partial pressure . - ✔✔1.
high
2. low
The air in the lungs has .... O2 partial pressure than the outside atmosphere, and ...... O2
partial pressure than the blood. - ✔✔1. lower
2. higher
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