NATURAL SCIENCES CLEP EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS
Telophase - ANSWER-step four in mitosis; occurs as nuclear membranes form around
the chromosomes and disperse through the new nucleoplasm; spindle fibers also
disappear.
Meiosis - ANSWER-the process of producing four daughter cells, each with single
unduplicated chromosomes.
Haploid - ANSWER-single unduplicated chromosomes.
Diploid - ANSWER-the parent cell that has a normal set of paired chromosomes.
Gametes - ANSWER-the four haploid cells (egg and sperm) that are found in
reproductive organs as a result of meiosis.
Division - ANSWER-distributes the remaining set of chromosomes in a mitosis-like
process.
Synapse - ANSWER-point at which homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis.
Enzymes - ANSWER-protein molecules that act as catalysts for organic reactions.
Catalyst - ANSWER-a substance that changes the speed of a reaction without being
affected itself.
Substrate - ANSWER-particular substance of an enzyme that fits within the active site.
Regulation - ANSWER-enzyme control that may occur when the product of the reaction
is also an inhibitor to the reaction.
Vascular - ANSWER-plants that have tissue organized in such a way as to conduct food
and water throughout their structure; also known as tracheophytes.
Agiosperms - ANSWER-plants that produce flowers as reproductive organs.
Gymnosperms - ANSWER-plants that produce seeds without flowers.
Flower - ANSWER-the primary reproductive organ for a plant.
,Transpiration - ANSWER-a process in which some water that has traveled up through
the plant to the leaves is evaporated.
Ovary - ANSWER-the hollow, bulb-shaped structure in the lower interior of the pistil.
Ovules - ANSWER-small round cases within the ovary that contain one or more egg
cells.
Cortex - ANSWER-a ring inside the epidermis that is made up of large parenchyma
cells.
Gametophytes - ANSWER-generated by the reproductive organs of the sporophyte
through the process of meiosis.
Sperm - ANSWER-produced by the male gametophyte; also known as a male gamete.
Egg Cell - ANSWER-produced by the female gametophyte; also referred to as a female
gamete.
Fertilization - ANSWER-occurs when two haploid cells join to form a diploid cell.
Zygote - ANSWER-cell that results when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell.
Embryo - ANSWER-what a zygote eventually grown into.
Hormones - ANSWER-chemicals produced in the endocrine glands of an organism,
which travel through the circulatory system and are taken up by specific targeted organs
or tissues, where they modify metabolic activities.
Epithelial Tissue - ANSWER-forms the barrier between the environment and the interior
of the body.
Invertebrates - ANSWER-those species having no internal backbone structure.
Vertebrates - ANSWER-species that have internal backbones.
Connective Tissue - ANSWER-holds tissues and organs together, stabilizing the body
structure.
Smooth Muscle - ANSWER-makes up the walls of internal organs and functions in
involuntary movement (breathing, etc).
Skeletal Muscle - ANSWER-attaches bones of the skeleton to each other and
surrounding tissues, which enables voluntary movement.
, Cardiac Muscle - ANSWER-tissue forming the walls of the heart with strength and
electrical properties that are vital to the heart's ability to pump blood.
Cartilage Tissue - ANSWER-reduces friction between bones and supports and connects
them.
Adipose Tissue - ANSWER-found beneath the skin and around organs, providing
cushioning, insulation, and fat storage.
Nerve Tissue - ANSWER-carries electrical and chemical impulses to and from organs
and limbs to the brain.
Blood Tissue - ANSWER-flows through the blood vessels and heart and is essential for
carrying oxygen to cells, fighting infection, and carrying nutrients and wastes to and
from cells.
Digestive System - ANSWER-serves as a processing plant for ingested food.
Digestion - ANSWER-breakdown of ingested particles into molecules that can be
absorbed by the body.
Musculoskeletal System - ANSWER-provides the body with structure, stability, and the
ability to move.
Villi - ANSWER-protrusions out into the lumen of the intestine that provide a large
surface area for absorption of nutrients.
Gas Exchange (Respiratory) System - ANSWER-responsible for the intake and
processing of gases required by an organism and for expelling gases produced as
waste products; also known as the respiratory system.
Alveoli - ANSWER-thin-walled air sacs, which are the site of gas exchange.
Nervous System - ANSWER-a communication network that connects the entire body of
an organism and provides control over bodily functions.
Neurons - ANSWER-carry impulses via electrochemical responses.
Central Nervous System (CNS) - ANSWER-two main components, the brain and the
spinal cord; which control all other organs and systems of the body.
Visceral Sensory Nerves - ANSWER-carry impulses from body organs to the CNS.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - ANSWER-a network of nerves throughout the body.
Somatic Sensory Nerves - ANSWER-carry impulses from body surface to the CNS.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS
Telophase - ANSWER-step four in mitosis; occurs as nuclear membranes form around
the chromosomes and disperse through the new nucleoplasm; spindle fibers also
disappear.
Meiosis - ANSWER-the process of producing four daughter cells, each with single
unduplicated chromosomes.
Haploid - ANSWER-single unduplicated chromosomes.
Diploid - ANSWER-the parent cell that has a normal set of paired chromosomes.
Gametes - ANSWER-the four haploid cells (egg and sperm) that are found in
reproductive organs as a result of meiosis.
Division - ANSWER-distributes the remaining set of chromosomes in a mitosis-like
process.
Synapse - ANSWER-point at which homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis.
Enzymes - ANSWER-protein molecules that act as catalysts for organic reactions.
Catalyst - ANSWER-a substance that changes the speed of a reaction without being
affected itself.
Substrate - ANSWER-particular substance of an enzyme that fits within the active site.
Regulation - ANSWER-enzyme control that may occur when the product of the reaction
is also an inhibitor to the reaction.
Vascular - ANSWER-plants that have tissue organized in such a way as to conduct food
and water throughout their structure; also known as tracheophytes.
Agiosperms - ANSWER-plants that produce flowers as reproductive organs.
Gymnosperms - ANSWER-plants that produce seeds without flowers.
Flower - ANSWER-the primary reproductive organ for a plant.
,Transpiration - ANSWER-a process in which some water that has traveled up through
the plant to the leaves is evaporated.
Ovary - ANSWER-the hollow, bulb-shaped structure in the lower interior of the pistil.
Ovules - ANSWER-small round cases within the ovary that contain one or more egg
cells.
Cortex - ANSWER-a ring inside the epidermis that is made up of large parenchyma
cells.
Gametophytes - ANSWER-generated by the reproductive organs of the sporophyte
through the process of meiosis.
Sperm - ANSWER-produced by the male gametophyte; also known as a male gamete.
Egg Cell - ANSWER-produced by the female gametophyte; also referred to as a female
gamete.
Fertilization - ANSWER-occurs when two haploid cells join to form a diploid cell.
Zygote - ANSWER-cell that results when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell.
Embryo - ANSWER-what a zygote eventually grown into.
Hormones - ANSWER-chemicals produced in the endocrine glands of an organism,
which travel through the circulatory system and are taken up by specific targeted organs
or tissues, where they modify metabolic activities.
Epithelial Tissue - ANSWER-forms the barrier between the environment and the interior
of the body.
Invertebrates - ANSWER-those species having no internal backbone structure.
Vertebrates - ANSWER-species that have internal backbones.
Connective Tissue - ANSWER-holds tissues and organs together, stabilizing the body
structure.
Smooth Muscle - ANSWER-makes up the walls of internal organs and functions in
involuntary movement (breathing, etc).
Skeletal Muscle - ANSWER-attaches bones of the skeleton to each other and
surrounding tissues, which enables voluntary movement.
, Cardiac Muscle - ANSWER-tissue forming the walls of the heart with strength and
electrical properties that are vital to the heart's ability to pump blood.
Cartilage Tissue - ANSWER-reduces friction between bones and supports and connects
them.
Adipose Tissue - ANSWER-found beneath the skin and around organs, providing
cushioning, insulation, and fat storage.
Nerve Tissue - ANSWER-carries electrical and chemical impulses to and from organs
and limbs to the brain.
Blood Tissue - ANSWER-flows through the blood vessels and heart and is essential for
carrying oxygen to cells, fighting infection, and carrying nutrients and wastes to and
from cells.
Digestive System - ANSWER-serves as a processing plant for ingested food.
Digestion - ANSWER-breakdown of ingested particles into molecules that can be
absorbed by the body.
Musculoskeletal System - ANSWER-provides the body with structure, stability, and the
ability to move.
Villi - ANSWER-protrusions out into the lumen of the intestine that provide a large
surface area for absorption of nutrients.
Gas Exchange (Respiratory) System - ANSWER-responsible for the intake and
processing of gases required by an organism and for expelling gases produced as
waste products; also known as the respiratory system.
Alveoli - ANSWER-thin-walled air sacs, which are the site of gas exchange.
Nervous System - ANSWER-a communication network that connects the entire body of
an organism and provides control over bodily functions.
Neurons - ANSWER-carry impulses via electrochemical responses.
Central Nervous System (CNS) - ANSWER-two main components, the brain and the
spinal cord; which control all other organs and systems of the body.
Visceral Sensory Nerves - ANSWER-carry impulses from body organs to the CNS.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - ANSWER-a network of nerves throughout the body.
Somatic Sensory Nerves - ANSWER-carry impulses from body surface to the CNS.
