PTMMD FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
2025/2026 GRADED A+
Ulnar nerve actions - Finger flexion, thumb flexion, thumb adduction, pinky opposition
abduction and flexion; PAD; DAB, wrist ulnar deviation
Median nerve actions - Forearm pronation; wrist flexion, wrist radial deviation; finger
flexion; thumb opposition, thumb flexion, thumb abduction
Fx at the neck of the 5th MC - Boxer's fx
Fx at base of 1st MC extending into CMC joint - Bennett's fx
Fx caused by FOOSH with wrist in extension and slight radial deviation and associated
with pain in the anatomical snuff box - Scaphoid fx
Trauma from FOOSH or laxity of lunate bone - Kienbock's disease
FOOSH with wrist in extension (often supinated) causes distal radius fx with dorsal
displacement - Colle's fx
When is a referral warranted with a boxer's fx? - When angulation is greater than 30 deg
-Normal is 15
Distal radius fx with palmar displacement - Smith's fx
Fx of distal radius with dislocation of distal radio-ulnar joint - Galeazzi fx
Fx of proximal ulna with dislocation of radial head from the humerus - Monteggia fx
Spontaneous contracture of palmar fascia of hand - Dupuytren's contracture
Thickening of flexor tendon sheath causing finger to get stuck in flexion and unable to
extend - Digital tendovaginitis stenosans "trigger finger"
Fibrous part of PIP joint capsule thickens laying down ossification forming a bony node -
Bouchard's nodes
Fibrous part of DIP joint capsule thickens laying down ossification forming a bony node -
Heberden's nodes
Laxities from RA causes the 1st digit MCP into flexion and IP into hyperextension - Z
deformity
Rupture of extensor tendon that attaches to base of distal phalanx or avulsion of
attachment site - Mallet finger
, Displacement of the lateral bands of the extensor mechanism displaced dorsally, pulling
the PIP into hyperextension and the MCP and DIP pulled into flexion - Swan neck
deformity
Displacement of the lateral bands of the extensor mechanism displaced volarly, causing
PIP flexion and MCP and DIP extension - Boutonniere deformity
Inflammation of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons and sheath
due to repeated friction where the tendons glide - Dequervain's tenosynovitis
Special test for Dequervain's tenosynovitis - Finkelstein test
When pt makes a fist they are unable to flex 2nd and 3rd digits - Benediction sign
-median nerve
Pt is unable to extend 4th and 5th digits - Bishop's Deformity "ulnar claw"
-Ulnar nerve
External impingement - Subacrominal impingement: Compression of supraspinatus,
infraspinatus, and/or biceps tendon
-Most common form of impingement
Internal impingement - Entrapment of articular side of supraspinatus or infraspinatus
tendons
-rare, seen in overhead activities
Actions of supraspinatus - Abduction, ER, IR
If there is no displacement or neurovascular damage then a supracondylar fracture
would be: - Immobilized with elbow flexed
If there is supracondylar fx with displacement then: - Closed reduction
If there is a supracondylar fx and there is neurovascular damage what should be done?
- ORIF needed
Radial head fx - compression of radial head in capitulum due to FOOSH
If non-displaced or minimally displaced avulsion fx of olecrandon - Immobilization with
elbow flexed 90 deg
What neurovascular structures could be damaged with dislocation of the elbow? -
Brachial artery damage and median nerve injury
Actions of infraspinatus - ER and extension
2025/2026 GRADED A+
Ulnar nerve actions - Finger flexion, thumb flexion, thumb adduction, pinky opposition
abduction and flexion; PAD; DAB, wrist ulnar deviation
Median nerve actions - Forearm pronation; wrist flexion, wrist radial deviation; finger
flexion; thumb opposition, thumb flexion, thumb abduction
Fx at the neck of the 5th MC - Boxer's fx
Fx at base of 1st MC extending into CMC joint - Bennett's fx
Fx caused by FOOSH with wrist in extension and slight radial deviation and associated
with pain in the anatomical snuff box - Scaphoid fx
Trauma from FOOSH or laxity of lunate bone - Kienbock's disease
FOOSH with wrist in extension (often supinated) causes distal radius fx with dorsal
displacement - Colle's fx
When is a referral warranted with a boxer's fx? - When angulation is greater than 30 deg
-Normal is 15
Distal radius fx with palmar displacement - Smith's fx
Fx of distal radius with dislocation of distal radio-ulnar joint - Galeazzi fx
Fx of proximal ulna with dislocation of radial head from the humerus - Monteggia fx
Spontaneous contracture of palmar fascia of hand - Dupuytren's contracture
Thickening of flexor tendon sheath causing finger to get stuck in flexion and unable to
extend - Digital tendovaginitis stenosans "trigger finger"
Fibrous part of PIP joint capsule thickens laying down ossification forming a bony node -
Bouchard's nodes
Fibrous part of DIP joint capsule thickens laying down ossification forming a bony node -
Heberden's nodes
Laxities from RA causes the 1st digit MCP into flexion and IP into hyperextension - Z
deformity
Rupture of extensor tendon that attaches to base of distal phalanx or avulsion of
attachment site - Mallet finger
, Displacement of the lateral bands of the extensor mechanism displaced dorsally, pulling
the PIP into hyperextension and the MCP and DIP pulled into flexion - Swan neck
deformity
Displacement of the lateral bands of the extensor mechanism displaced volarly, causing
PIP flexion and MCP and DIP extension - Boutonniere deformity
Inflammation of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons and sheath
due to repeated friction where the tendons glide - Dequervain's tenosynovitis
Special test for Dequervain's tenosynovitis - Finkelstein test
When pt makes a fist they are unable to flex 2nd and 3rd digits - Benediction sign
-median nerve
Pt is unable to extend 4th and 5th digits - Bishop's Deformity "ulnar claw"
-Ulnar nerve
External impingement - Subacrominal impingement: Compression of supraspinatus,
infraspinatus, and/or biceps tendon
-Most common form of impingement
Internal impingement - Entrapment of articular side of supraspinatus or infraspinatus
tendons
-rare, seen in overhead activities
Actions of supraspinatus - Abduction, ER, IR
If there is no displacement or neurovascular damage then a supracondylar fracture
would be: - Immobilized with elbow flexed
If there is supracondylar fx with displacement then: - Closed reduction
If there is a supracondylar fx and there is neurovascular damage what should be done?
- ORIF needed
Radial head fx - compression of radial head in capitulum due to FOOSH
If non-displaced or minimally displaced avulsion fx of olecrandon - Immobilization with
elbow flexed 90 deg
What neurovascular structures could be damaged with dislocation of the elbow? -
Brachial artery damage and median nerve injury
Actions of infraspinatus - ER and extension
