NURS5227 LATEST EXAM WITH 200+ QUESTIONS AND MOST
VERIFIED ANSWERS…GRADED A+
What makes up the ECF? ANSWERInterstitial fluid, intravascular fluid,
lymph, cerebrospinal, fluids of the eye
What electrolyte is more common in ICF? ANSWERPotassium
What electrolyte is more common in ECF? ANSWERSodium
Where is erythropoietin produced? ANSWERThe kidneys
Afferent kidney blood flow path ANSWERAorta > R/L renal artery >
arterioles > capillaries > enters glomerulus
Efferent kidney blood flow path ANSWERGlomerulus > arterioles >
capillaries > renal vein > inferior vena cava > heart
What are nephrons responsible for? ANSWERFormation / collection of
urine. Powerhouse !
Describe the structure of the nephron ANSWERA twisty array of
branches. Includes the renal corpuscle (glomerulus) and renal tubule
,Filtrate ANSWERThe fluid filtered from blood (passes through nephron
and reabsorbed into the body)
Describe the structure of the renal tubule ANSWERGlomerular capsule
> proximal convoluted tubule > loop of henle > distal convulted tubule >
collecting duct
Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus? ANSWERWhere the afferent
arteriole meets the distal tubule
What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus do? ANSWERSenses changes
in the solute concentration of the filtrate. Secretes renin. Helps kidney
concentrate urine.
Describe the flow of the renal system ANSWERKidneys > Ureters >
Bladder > Urethra
What controls urine flow? ANSWERGravity, peristalsis, one-way valve
system
What is the muscle of the bladder wall? ANSWERDetrusor muscle
What are the four functions of the urinary system? ANSWERFiltration,
reabsorption, secretion, urine formation/concentration
,Tubular reabsorption ANSWERMovement of water/Na/glucose/amino
acids/ions out of the tubule and into the blood
Tubular secretion ANSWERMovement of H+/K+/drugs/creatinine out
of the blood and into the tubule
Glomerular filtration ANSWERWater and solutes smaller than proteins
are forced through the capillary walls > glomerular capsule > renal
tubule
Three steps of urine formation ANSWERGlomerular filtration, tubular
reabsorption, tubular secretion
GFR ANSWERGlomerular filtration rate. Volume of glomerular filtrate
formed per minute.
Describe glomerular filtration rate ANSWERFiltration membrane like a
mesh is semipermeable. GFR is the rate of movement of fluid out of the
glomerulus and into the capsular space.
Hydrostatic pressure ANSWEREnsures solute/solvent movement OUT
of the capillary (arterial end)
Osmotic pressure ANSWEREnsures solute/solvent movement IN to the
capillary (venous end)
, Describe the micturition process ANSWERHigher volume in bladder
causes receptors to message brain. Micturition reflex triggered. Detrusor
contracts, internal urethral sphincter relaxes, there is an urge to pass
urine. External urethral sphincter relaxes, urination occurs.
ADH main function ANSWERRegulates H2O reabsorption
Aldosterone main function ANSWERRegulates Na+ absorption
ANP main function ANSWERRegulates Na+ absorption
Where is ADH released from? ANSWERPituitary gland
Where is Aldosterone released from? ANSWERAdrenal cortex (via
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism)
Where is ANP released from? ANSWERHeart (cardiac muscle in atria)
How does the body attempt to recover from metabolic acidosis?
ANSWERResp rate increase, loss of H+. Kidneys will excrete more H+
ions into the urine
How does the body attempt to recover from metabolic alkalosis?
ANSWERKidneys will eliminate excessive bases
VERIFIED ANSWERS…GRADED A+
What makes up the ECF? ANSWERInterstitial fluid, intravascular fluid,
lymph, cerebrospinal, fluids of the eye
What electrolyte is more common in ICF? ANSWERPotassium
What electrolyte is more common in ECF? ANSWERSodium
Where is erythropoietin produced? ANSWERThe kidneys
Afferent kidney blood flow path ANSWERAorta > R/L renal artery >
arterioles > capillaries > enters glomerulus
Efferent kidney blood flow path ANSWERGlomerulus > arterioles >
capillaries > renal vein > inferior vena cava > heart
What are nephrons responsible for? ANSWERFormation / collection of
urine. Powerhouse !
Describe the structure of the nephron ANSWERA twisty array of
branches. Includes the renal corpuscle (glomerulus) and renal tubule
,Filtrate ANSWERThe fluid filtered from blood (passes through nephron
and reabsorbed into the body)
Describe the structure of the renal tubule ANSWERGlomerular capsule
> proximal convoluted tubule > loop of henle > distal convulted tubule >
collecting duct
Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus? ANSWERWhere the afferent
arteriole meets the distal tubule
What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus do? ANSWERSenses changes
in the solute concentration of the filtrate. Secretes renin. Helps kidney
concentrate urine.
Describe the flow of the renal system ANSWERKidneys > Ureters >
Bladder > Urethra
What controls urine flow? ANSWERGravity, peristalsis, one-way valve
system
What is the muscle of the bladder wall? ANSWERDetrusor muscle
What are the four functions of the urinary system? ANSWERFiltration,
reabsorption, secretion, urine formation/concentration
,Tubular reabsorption ANSWERMovement of water/Na/glucose/amino
acids/ions out of the tubule and into the blood
Tubular secretion ANSWERMovement of H+/K+/drugs/creatinine out
of the blood and into the tubule
Glomerular filtration ANSWERWater and solutes smaller than proteins
are forced through the capillary walls > glomerular capsule > renal
tubule
Three steps of urine formation ANSWERGlomerular filtration, tubular
reabsorption, tubular secretion
GFR ANSWERGlomerular filtration rate. Volume of glomerular filtrate
formed per minute.
Describe glomerular filtration rate ANSWERFiltration membrane like a
mesh is semipermeable. GFR is the rate of movement of fluid out of the
glomerulus and into the capsular space.
Hydrostatic pressure ANSWEREnsures solute/solvent movement OUT
of the capillary (arterial end)
Osmotic pressure ANSWEREnsures solute/solvent movement IN to the
capillary (venous end)
, Describe the micturition process ANSWERHigher volume in bladder
causes receptors to message brain. Micturition reflex triggered. Detrusor
contracts, internal urethral sphincter relaxes, there is an urge to pass
urine. External urethral sphincter relaxes, urination occurs.
ADH main function ANSWERRegulates H2O reabsorption
Aldosterone main function ANSWERRegulates Na+ absorption
ANP main function ANSWERRegulates Na+ absorption
Where is ADH released from? ANSWERPituitary gland
Where is Aldosterone released from? ANSWERAdrenal cortex (via
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism)
Where is ANP released from? ANSWERHeart (cardiac muscle in atria)
How does the body attempt to recover from metabolic acidosis?
ANSWERResp rate increase, loss of H+. Kidneys will excrete more H+
ions into the urine
How does the body attempt to recover from metabolic alkalosis?
ANSWERKidneys will eliminate excessive bases
