SOLUTION MANUAL
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
by Roger E. Meiners, Chapters 1 - 22, Complete
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 1. Today’s Business Environment: Law and Ethics
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 2. The Court Systems
HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 3. Trials and Resolving Disputes
HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 4. The Constitution: Focus on Application to Business
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 5. Criminal Law and Business
HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 6. Elements of Torts
HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 7. Business Torts and Product Liability
HU HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 8. Real and Personal Property
HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 9. Intellectual Property
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 10. Contracts
HU HU
➢ Chapter 11. Domestic and International Sales
HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 12. Business Organizations
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 13. Negotiable Instruments, Credit, and Bankruptcy
HU HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 14. Agency and the Employment Relationship
HU HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 15. Employment and Labor Regulations
HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 16. Employment Discrimination
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 17. The Regulatory Process
HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 18. Securities Regulation
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 19. Consumer Protection
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 20. Antitrust Law
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 21. Environmental Law
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 22. The International Legal Environment of Business
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
,CHAPTER 1 HU
Table of Contents HU HU
Answer to Discussion Question .................................................................................................................... 1
HU HU HU
Answers to Case Questions .......................................................................................................................... 1
HU HU HU
Answers to Ethics and Social Questions ....................................................................................................... 3
HU HU HU HU HU
Answer to Discussion Question HU HU HU
Should the common law maxim “Ignorance of the law is no excuse” apply to an immigrant who speakslittle English
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U HU H
and was not educated in the United States? How about for a tourist who does not speak English? Everyone know
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s criminal acts are prohibited, but what about subtler rules that differ across countries and so may be misunderst
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ood by foreigners?
HU HU
Answer: It is generally true that ignorance of the law is no excuse. Citizens are deemed to have constructive kno
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
wledge of the law. Yet, as well known as this rule is, it is surprising how often it is proffered as an excuse. (
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
A Westlaw search cases finds hundreds of examples). Examples include: Deluco v. Dezi (Conn. Super) (lack o
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f knowledge regarding the state‘s usury laws is no excuse for the inclusion of an illegal interest rate in a sale
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s contract); and Plumlee v. Paddock (ignorance of thefact that the subject matter of the contract was illegal
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was not excuse). The courts have provided a small exception to the rule when it comes to people in lack of
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
English language skills. Consider Flanery v. Kuska, (defendant did not speak English was advised by a friend
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that an answer to a complaint was not required); Ramon v. Dept. of Transportation, (no English and an inab
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ility to understand the law required for an excuse); Yurechko v. County of Allegheny, (Ignorance and with th
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e fact that the municipality suffered no hardship in late lawsuit filing was an excuse).
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
Answers to Case Questions HU HU HU
1. Facts from an English judge’s decision in 1884: “The crew of an English yacht.....................were cast away in
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a storm on the high seas . . . and were compelled to put into an open boat. ................. They had no supply
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of water and no supply of food. . . . That on the eighteenth day . . . they ................ suggested that one
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should be sacrificed to save the rest. . . . That next day . . . they . . . went to the boy ................... put a knife
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into his throat and killed him . . . the three men fed upon the body ...............of the boy for four days; [then]
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the boat was picked up by a passing vessel, and [they] were rescued. . . . and committed for trial. . . .
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if the men had not fed upon the body of the boy they would probably not have survived to be sopicked
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up and rescued, but would ....................... have died of famine. The boy, being in a much weaker
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condition, was likely to have died before them ............. The real question in this case [is] whether killing
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under the conditions set forth .......... be or be not murder.” Do you consider the acts to be immoral?
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
[Regina v. Dudley and Stephens, 14 Queens Bench Division 273 (1884)]
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
Answer: This points out that the legal system has limits. Its acceptability is dictated by legal culture--
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whichdetermines whether law will be enforced, obeyed, avoided, or abused. It is limited by the informal rul
H
U HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
es of the society-- HU HU HU
its customs and values. One limit is the extent to which society will allow the formal rules to be imposed wh
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
en a crime is committed in odd circumstances. Here there was an intentional murder. Does the motive for t
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
he murder, the effort to save several lives by sacrificing one
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, life, make it a crime that should be punished? Not all crimes are treated the same. It also raisesquestions abo
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU
ut the desirability of not giving judges flexibility in sentencing.
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
There was a precedent for a light sentence in this case in U.S. law: U.S. v. Holmes, 20 F. Cas. 360 (No. 15383)
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
(C.C.E.D. Pa. 1842). The case involved a sinking ocean liner. Several passengers madeit to the only lifeboat,
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which was far too overcrowded. The captain decided to save the women and children and threw several me
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n overboard. The lifeboat was rescued. The grand jury refused to indict the captain from murder, only for
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
manslaughter. He got a six month sentence. HU HU HU HU HU HU
The British judge in the case here imposed the death penalty upon the person who survived. Thejudge f
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU
ound it difficult to rule that every man on board had the right to make law by his own hand.The Crown r
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU
educed the sentence to six months. HU HU HU HU HU
2. Smoking is a serious health hazard. Cigarettes are legal. Should cigarette manufacturers be liable for the ser
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
ious illnesses and untimely deaths caused by their unavoidably dangerous products, eventhough they post a
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U HU HU HU HU
warning on the package and consumers voluntarily assume the health risks by smoking? [Cipollone v. Ligget
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t Group, Inc., 505 U.S. 504 (1992)]
HU HU HU HU HU HU
Answer: The general rule that exists now is that since the government has ordered the posting of warninglabels
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU
on cigarettes, and since the dangers of smoking are well known, consumers have been warned and are not
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
due compensation if they kill themselves by smoking. The Cippoline case, since reviewed by the Supreme Co
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
urt, appears to be of limited impact since the victim was adjudged to have become addicted to cigarettes b
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
efore the warning label was ordered in 1964. If cigarette makers were held responsible for all health proble
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
ms associated with cigarettes, then, like alcohol and other dangerous products, the damages would likely b
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
e so high it would effectively ban the products. Presumably, in a free society if adults are clearly informed o
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
f the risks of products that cannot be made safe, they accept the risk. Tobacco and alcohol producers canno
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
t take the dangers out of the products except at the margin by encouraging responsible drinking and the lik
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
e. Are drugs like cocaine different?
HU HU HU HU HU
3. Two eight-year-old boys were seriously injured when riding Honda mini-
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trail bikes. The boys were riding on public streets, ran a stop sign, and were hit by a truck. The bikes had clea
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
r warning labels on the front stating they were only for off-
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
road use. The manual stated the bikes were not to be usedon public streets. The parents sued Honda. The su
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
preme court of Washington said one basic issue existed: “Is a manufacturer liable when children are injured
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
while riding one of its mini- HU HU HU HU HU
trail bikes on apublic road in violation of manufacturer and parental warnings?” Is it unethical to make prod
HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
ucts like mini- HU HU
trail bikes children will use when we know accidents like this will happen? [Baughn v. Honda Motor Co., 727
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
P.2d 655 Sup. Ct, Wash., (1986)]
HU HU HU HU HU
Answer: The court found no liability for the manufacturers. There was no defect; the product was safe for intend
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
ed use. Safety instructions were clear; the parents let the boys ride the bikes. Anything can bedangerous--
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U
baseballs are dangerous when they hit the head, swings are dangerous when kids jumpout of them; there is
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU HU
only so much that can be done to make the government the ―national nanny‖ asthe Washington Post onc
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU
e said about excessive consumer protection. Parents must accept a high degree of responsible for their ow
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
n children.
HU
4. Johnson Controls adopted a “fetal protection policy” that women of childbearing age could not work in the
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
battery-
making division of the company. Exposure to lead in the battery operation could causeharm to unborn babie
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU
s. The company was concerned about possible legal liability for injury sufferedby babies of mothers who had
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU HU HU H
worked in the battery division. The Supreme Court held the companypolicy was illegal. It was an “excuse for
U HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
denying women equal employment opportunities.” Is the Court forcing the company to be unethical by allo
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
wing pregnant women who ignore the warnings to expose their babies to the lead? [United Auto Workers v.
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
Johnson Controls, 499 U.S. 187 (1991)]
U HU HU HU HU HU
Answer: The Court held it a form of sex discrimination to prevent women of child-
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
by Roger E. Meiners, Chapters 1 - 22, Complete
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 1. Today’s Business Environment: Law and Ethics
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 2. The Court Systems
HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 3. Trials and Resolving Disputes
HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 4. The Constitution: Focus on Application to Business
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 5. Criminal Law and Business
HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 6. Elements of Torts
HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 7. Business Torts and Product Liability
HU HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 8. Real and Personal Property
HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 9. Intellectual Property
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 10. Contracts
HU HU
➢ Chapter 11. Domestic and International Sales
HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 12. Business Organizations
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 13. Negotiable Instruments, Credit, and Bankruptcy
HU HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 14. Agency and the Employment Relationship
HU HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 15. Employment and Labor Regulations
HU HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 16. Employment Discrimination
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 17. The Regulatory Process
HU HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 18. Securities Regulation
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 19. Consumer Protection
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 20. Antitrust Law
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 21. Environmental Law
HU HU HU
➢ Chapter 22. The International Legal Environment of Business
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
,CHAPTER 1 HU
Table of Contents HU HU
Answer to Discussion Question .................................................................................................................... 1
HU HU HU
Answers to Case Questions .......................................................................................................................... 1
HU HU HU
Answers to Ethics and Social Questions ....................................................................................................... 3
HU HU HU HU HU
Answer to Discussion Question HU HU HU
Should the common law maxim “Ignorance of the law is no excuse” apply to an immigrant who speakslittle English
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU H
and was not educated in the United States? How about for a tourist who does not speak English? Everyone know
U HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
s criminal acts are prohibited, but what about subtler rules that differ across countries and so may be misunderst
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
ood by foreigners?
HU HU
Answer: It is generally true that ignorance of the law is no excuse. Citizens are deemed to have constructive kno
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
wledge of the law. Yet, as well known as this rule is, it is surprising how often it is proffered as an excuse. (
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
A Westlaw search cases finds hundreds of examples). Examples include: Deluco v. Dezi (Conn. Super) (lack o
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
f knowledge regarding the state‘s usury laws is no excuse for the inclusion of an illegal interest rate in a sale
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
s contract); and Plumlee v. Paddock (ignorance of thefact that the subject matter of the contract was illegal
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
was not excuse). The courts have provided a small exception to the rule when it comes to people in lack of
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
English language skills. Consider Flanery v. Kuska, (defendant did not speak English was advised by a friend
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
that an answer to a complaint was not required); Ramon v. Dept. of Transportation, (no English and an inab
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
ility to understand the law required for an excuse); Yurechko v. County of Allegheny, (Ignorance and with th
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
e fact that the municipality suffered no hardship in late lawsuit filing was an excuse).
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
Answers to Case Questions HU HU HU
1. Facts from an English judge’s decision in 1884: “The crew of an English yacht.....................were cast away in
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
a storm on the high seas . . . and were compelled to put into an open boat. ................. They had no supply
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
of water and no supply of food. . . . That on the eighteenth day . . . they ................ suggested that one
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
should be sacrificed to save the rest. . . . That next day . . . they . . . went to the boy ................... put a knife
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
into his throat and killed him . . . the three men fed upon the body ...............of the boy for four days; [then]
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
the boat was picked up by a passing vessel, and [they] were rescued. . . . and committed for trial. . . .
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
if the men had not fed upon the body of the boy they would probably not have survived to be sopicked
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU
up and rescued, but would ....................... have died of famine. The boy, being in a much weaker
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
condition, was likely to have died before them ............. The real question in this case [is] whether killing
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
under the conditions set forth .......... be or be not murder.” Do you consider the acts to be immoral?
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
[Regina v. Dudley and Stephens, 14 Queens Bench Division 273 (1884)]
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
Answer: This points out that the legal system has limits. Its acceptability is dictated by legal culture--
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
whichdetermines whether law will be enforced, obeyed, avoided, or abused. It is limited by the informal rul
H
U HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
es of the society-- HU HU HU
its customs and values. One limit is the extent to which society will allow the formal rules to be imposed wh
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
en a crime is committed in odd circumstances. Here there was an intentional murder. Does the motive for t
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
he murder, the effort to save several lives by sacrificing one
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
, life, make it a crime that should be punished? Not all crimes are treated the same. It also raisesquestions abo
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU
ut the desirability of not giving judges flexibility in sentencing.
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
There was a precedent for a light sentence in this case in U.S. law: U.S. v. Holmes, 20 F. Cas. 360 (No. 15383)
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
(C.C.E.D. Pa. 1842). The case involved a sinking ocean liner. Several passengers madeit to the only lifeboat,
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU HU HU
which was far too overcrowded. The captain decided to save the women and children and threw several me
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
n overboard. The lifeboat was rescued. The grand jury refused to indict the captain from murder, only for
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
manslaughter. He got a six month sentence. HU HU HU HU HU HU
The British judge in the case here imposed the death penalty upon the person who survived. Thejudge f
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU
ound it difficult to rule that every man on board had the right to make law by his own hand.The Crown r
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU
educed the sentence to six months. HU HU HU HU HU
2. Smoking is a serious health hazard. Cigarettes are legal. Should cigarette manufacturers be liable for the ser
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
ious illnesses and untimely deaths caused by their unavoidably dangerous products, eventhough they post a
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU HU
warning on the package and consumers voluntarily assume the health risks by smoking? [Cipollone v. Ligget
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
t Group, Inc., 505 U.S. 504 (1992)]
HU HU HU HU HU HU
Answer: The general rule that exists now is that since the government has ordered the posting of warninglabels
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU
on cigarettes, and since the dangers of smoking are well known, consumers have been warned and are not
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
due compensation if they kill themselves by smoking. The Cippoline case, since reviewed by the Supreme Co
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
urt, appears to be of limited impact since the victim was adjudged to have become addicted to cigarettes b
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
efore the warning label was ordered in 1964. If cigarette makers were held responsible for all health proble
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
ms associated with cigarettes, then, like alcohol and other dangerous products, the damages would likely b
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
e so high it would effectively ban the products. Presumably, in a free society if adults are clearly informed o
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
f the risks of products that cannot be made safe, they accept the risk. Tobacco and alcohol producers canno
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
t take the dangers out of the products except at the margin by encouraging responsible drinking and the lik
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
e. Are drugs like cocaine different?
HU HU HU HU HU
3. Two eight-year-old boys were seriously injured when riding Honda mini-
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
trail bikes. The boys were riding on public streets, ran a stop sign, and were hit by a truck. The bikes had clea
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
r warning labels on the front stating they were only for off-
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
road use. The manual stated the bikes were not to be usedon public streets. The parents sued Honda. The su
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
preme court of Washington said one basic issue existed: “Is a manufacturer liable when children are injured
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
while riding one of its mini- HU HU HU HU HU
trail bikes on apublic road in violation of manufacturer and parental warnings?” Is it unethical to make prod
HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
ucts like mini- HU HU
trail bikes children will use when we know accidents like this will happen? [Baughn v. Honda Motor Co., 727
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
P.2d 655 Sup. Ct, Wash., (1986)]
HU HU HU HU HU
Answer: The court found no liability for the manufacturers. There was no defect; the product was safe for intend
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
ed use. Safety instructions were clear; the parents let the boys ride the bikes. Anything can bedangerous--
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U
baseballs are dangerous when they hit the head, swings are dangerous when kids jumpout of them; there is
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU HU
only so much that can be done to make the government the ―national nanny‖ asthe Washington Post onc
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU
e said about excessive consumer protection. Parents must accept a high degree of responsible for their ow
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
n children.
HU
4. Johnson Controls adopted a “fetal protection policy” that women of childbearing age could not work in the
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
battery-
making division of the company. Exposure to lead in the battery operation could causeharm to unborn babie
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU
s. The company was concerned about possible legal liability for injury sufferedby babies of mothers who had
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU HU HU H
worked in the battery division. The Supreme Court held the companypolicy was illegal. It was an “excuse for
U HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
U HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
denying women equal employment opportunities.” Is the Court forcing the company to be unethical by allo
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
wing pregnant women who ignore the warnings to expose their babies to the lead? [United Auto Workers v.
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU H
Johnson Controls, 499 U.S. 187 (1991)]
U HU HU HU HU HU
Answer: The Court held it a form of sex discrimination to prevent women of child-
HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU HU
