COM 229 Final Exam | Complete Solutions (Verified)

COM 229 Final Exam | Complete Solutions (Verified) The ability to set task for employees in order to achieve organizational goals is known as... Command Learning about the inside language of an organization best represents crossing which boundary of membership negotiation? Knowledge The classical paradigm includes all these EXCEPT [the]... Human Resource Paradigm Which of the following terms refers to the influence of mere attention on changes in behavior. Hawthorne effect An anesthesiologist asking about a patient's medical condition before determining the sedation strategy is an example of which of the following flows of communication? Activity coordination While examining an organization, a communication consultant notices that all the employees wear jeans and t-shirts to work everyday this is an example of an organizational... Artifact A company extends its operations to China. The organization must use _______ approach to understand how the local terrain works. Sociocultural The transactional (aka transactive) model of communication builds on the SMCR model by including the component of ______, which is reflected in the evolution of organizational communication paradigms from the classic to the HR paradigm. Feedback The idea that there are a variety of ways to reach any system goal is referred to as... Equifinality _______ within systems means that organizations consists of subsystems and are embedded within a larger supersystem. Hierarchical ordering Assume you are reading a study about how individuals in the Marvel comic universe organize themselves, and includes an analysis of that organizational structure: Who interacts with whom and how often (see Figure ExamF). This image alone is a strong signal the study is relying on _______ for its research. network analysis The vast majority of communication in the classical organization flows _______ in the form of orders, rules and directives. Downward According to McGregor, which of the following characterize the assumptions of a "Theory X" manager? (All of the above: Workers are lazy, Workers dislike responsibility, Workers are not very bright) Which of the following is/are a principle of Fayol's principles of organizational attitudes? Both A & C (Suboordination of individual interest, Esprit de corp) The human relations approach has led to ideas on increasing production through... humanizing the workers in organization The human relations approach emphasized the importance of: teamwork, communication, and employee satisfaction The deepest level of an organization, and most difficult to recognize according to Schein (1992), is/are... Assumptions Which one of these best describes Mayo's research (better known as the "Hawthorne Studies") and their findings? Manipulated environmental factors in production lines to find that management involvement and consideration motivated workers Pfeffer's 7 practices of successful organizations include these EXCEPT... increase of status difference. According to the Montreal School of CCO, substance and meaning represents which part of the "co-orientation" process? Text Demographics of a population entails these characteristics EXCEPT... F. desire to hold a specific job (e.g., firefighter, accountant, mime). Very few organizational communication scholars have objected to the container metaphor, which explains how communication occurs within organizations. False A business practice associated with globalization involves businesses moving manufacturing and service centers to countries where labor is cheap. This practice is commonly known as... Outsourcing Changing demographics demand that organizations learn to communicate efficiently with a culturally diverse workforce. True Feedback is critical to the _______ portion of organizational functioning, helping facilitate the exchange process among system components. Throughput A manager taking a Human Resource approach to team management should stress: employee involvement This management style from Blake and Mouton (1991) emphasizes both employee needs and maximizing productivity: team management Organizations can be only be found in "brick and mortar" physical locations. False The most basic, foundational need in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is safety needs. False The machine metaphor treats employees as machines. Machines are designed in such a way that the parts are replaceable. This is referred to as... Standardization A closed system is a characteristic of bureaucracies. True According to Miller (2015), all these are critical features of organizations EXCEPT? Nonhierachical structure Taylor's scientific management theory used time and motion studies were used to determine the... most time efficient way to accomplish tasks. The importance of rules for organizational functioning is a feature of... Weber's bureaucracy. The SMCR model of communication is unique from the transmission (aka the transactive) model of communication because it... minimizes the role of feedback. One encompassing theme in the classical approaches (including classical management, bureaucracy, and scientific management) power is_______ power. Centralized Which is NOT one of the four main accepted aspects of organizational cultures accepted by most modern scholars? Cultures can be managed What term refers to the ability of open systems to fight off deterioration, sustain themselves and grow? negative entropy The system through which cultural values are instituted and reinforced is: cultural network In an organization espousing the Classic/Traditional organizational style of management, communication is almost always... Formal When an individual is involved in a cultural performance they make decisions based on their knowledge of organizational history, this illustrates how cultural performances are... Contextual Deal and Kennedy describe "strong cultures" and how they will increase the success of a business. Which is one of the characteristics of a "strong culture"? Heroes Most organizations have a single culture False A press secretary's job to communicate an organization's message is a clear example of ventriloquism. True According to McGregor's Theory X, which of the following is IS a trait of a Theory Y employee or manager: They will exercise imagination and creativity to meet organizational objectives. Disseminating a standardized form to a broader public represents which degree of separation in the scaling up process? 6th Shirley goes for an interview at Minara and Co. The interviewer asks questions to determine whether Shirley would be a good fit to the job and the organization. This is an example of which of Pfeffer's seven practices? Selective hiring Barry has realized that the best way to find out what is going on in the office is to hang out in the copy room. This is an example of what type of network? Informal The idea that a system is "more than the sum of its parts" is referred to as... Holism When active participants engage in agency, they will _______________ follow the rules guiding interactions. Sometimes Carolyn is working as a school psychologist for the Bloomington school district. One thing she appreciates most about her job is her ability to chat with colleagues. Every Tuesday after school, Carolyn goes out with some other teachers to drink root beer and chat about the latest Channing Tatum movie; and Thursday mornings she meets up with psychologists from nearby districts for a spinning class and coffee before work. These colleagues and outings fulfill which of Maslow's needs? Affiliation According to Black & Mouton['s Managerial Grid], leaders will be most effective when they exhibit... concern for both production and people Deal and Kennedy describe "strong cultures" and how they will increase the success of a business. Which is one of the elements of a "strong culture"? Heroes While examining an organization, a communication consultant notices that all the employees wear jeans and t-shirts to work everyday this is an example of an organizational Artifact Systems are characterized by an input-throughput-output process (Farace, Monge, & Russell, 1977). Consider a production line, by which raw materials are put through a stamping machine to create widgets. From a systems perspective, which element of this process represents the throughput process? Stamping Machine Assume you are reading a study about how individuals in the Marvel comic universe organize themselves, and includes an analysis of that organizational structure: Who interacts with whom and how often (see attached Figure). This image alone is a strong signal the study is relying on _______ for its research. network analysis The container metaphor points out that... organizational communication occurs within the container of an organization While making sandwiches at work, Susan says to Steve, "Our manager Tracy is the worst, she has no idea what she is doing." This is a form of: Resistance Which of these is/are an example of sources of power in organizations? ALL OF THE ABOVE (Use of organizational structure, Control of knowledge and information, Ability to cope with uncertainty) Julian's coworkers often come to him for information about how their company handled disgruntled customers in the past since he has worked at the company for 25 years. The information he provides is not written down, but it is invaluable in helping his coworkers in making decisions about how to deal with difficult customers. Julian's information is an example of ______ knowledge. tacit The executive committee at the Scrooge Corporation decided that the company should forgo Christmas bonuses, as that strategy was effective in cutting costs last year and it did not have an adverse impact on employee morale. What type of decision making is the executive committee using? an analogical model The______ approach views power as a product of communicative interactions and relationships Symbological Grier & Tollison (1994) found that the rookie draft: helps losing teams win more The conflict management style characterized by satisfying another's needs while sacrificing one's own needs is considered... Accommodation Your organization is faced with some pretty radical changes—a recent revision in the state tax code is forcing your company to radically alter the way employees file time cards so that it's much more problematic and irritating for employees. Trying to reduce the equivocality of how the new policies will affect its organizational members, management utilizes a strategy of top-down communication that is most effective at communicating change, as it focuses on fundamental issues related to change and success, and will allow employees to explore various possibilities for implementing the new time card system. Which strategy is your manager using? Underscore and Explore In the role-development process, the phases are the role-taking phase, the role-making phase, and the: Role-Routinization A non-profit leader states, "I don't care that we are going bankrupt, we are doing the right thing and that is what is most important!" when discussing a future company decision with his employees. This is an example Illusion of Morality The book discusses models of the participation process. One of these models proposes that participation in the decision making (PDM) improves the upward and downward flow of information. Which model describes this? the cognitive model Reactions to organizational change by lower level employees that interfere with change implementation processes are called... Resistance What best describes a bona fide group perspective? The perspective that a a group should consider factors such as a shifting membership, permeable boundaries, and interdependence in the organization. The categorizing of others outside the group in ways that see their views as unacceptable is called _____, and is a common symptom of groupthink. Stereotyping Concertive control is often exercised through discipline exerted by: workgroups and peers When a dominant group leads another group to accept subordination as the norm is known as: Hegemony Which of the following is NOT a symptom of groupthink? Time Pressures (T/F) Bounded rationality is the idea that rational thoughts tend to vary person to person and thus are hard to measure. False According to Thomas' (1976) conflict management styles, when an individual exhibits high concern for others and high concern for self, the individual is using which type of conflict management style? Collaboration Postmodern Feminist hope to achieve which goal or stance? To deconstruct male dominated meaning systems in order to highlight women's perspective. An event that is unpredictable, presents a major threat to an organization, and can rock the organization and all the people associated with it is termed as a/n... organizational crisis ______ refers to the taken-for-granted assumptions about reality that influences perceptions of situations and events. Ideology All of the following are typical problems that are identified in the organizational change process EXCEPT: Financial strain causes slow implementation According to more recent research on newcomer socialization, ________ are just as important in the role development process as the supervisor and subordinate. Peers Which of the following is the correct sequence for the stages of organizational socialization? Anticipatory — encounter — metamorphosis (T/F) Felt conflict occurs when conflict is enacted through communication False Which of the following is NOT a phase of socialization? Development phase The counterinstitutional websites RadioshackS is an example of... Resistance In the accounts team of an advertising firm, Barry is aware that he and his colleague Emily always have different views on the best way to write a creative brief. They are not writing a brief now; but when they do, their different creative ideas about how the brief should look & read will inevitably result in disagreement. In phases of organizational conflict, Barry and Emily are currently experiencing _______ conflict. Latent Older employees at Barnes Distribution are of the view that their new manager is not a good leader because "he is short, and short people get angry often". This is an example of what leadership theory/model? Trait theory Pierre, a bakery owner, asks his bakers how they think the bread baking process could be improved. He does this because he believes their extensive time involved in the process gives them more knowledge than anyone else. This is an example of... the cognitive model of participative decision making. A university is competing with other state universities for a bigger share of limited state funds. What level of conflict is this? Interorganizational Jacob has been hinting that he loves to bowl and would like to join the company bowling team in order to get to know his new coworkers. He is probably using which one of the following information seeking tactics? Indirect questions When an organization is confronted with problems in the environment (e.g., changes in policy, societal/consumer trends, etc.) suggesting the current processes are not (or will soon not be) effective, the organization often turns to planned change The difference between a mediator and an arbitrator is... mediators hold no power over decisions, while arbitrators hold deciding power. Which of the following is NOT a tactic used by newcomers to seek information? in-group relationships The concept of exchange is central to transformational leadership. False Recently, the corporate office for The Clown Wig Store sent a consultant to the local Bloomington store. The consultant witnessed some problems and implemented new policies. The manager, Bob, is having trouble supporting these changes because he feels he does not have ownership of the problem or of the change. This is known as: ownership tension A new employee may not perceive himself/herself as being a part of the organization unless they are in the ________stage of socialization. Metamorphosis Organizational conflict can occur at all of these levels EXCEPT... ALL OF THE ABOVE are potential levels of conflict for organizations. (Individual/intrapersonal conflict, Interpersonal conflict, intergroup conflict, inter and intraorganizational conflict) Julian's coworkers often come to him for information about how their company handled disgruntled customers in the past since he has worked at the company for 25 years. He heard lots of information about the way things have been handled in the past, which helped him understand the organizational system. The information he provides is not written down, but it is invaluable in helping his coworkers in making decisions about how to deal with difficult customers. Julian's information is an example of ______ knowledge. Cultural This type of conflict considers differences in aggregates of people within an organization, such as work teams or departments, and how their mutually-exclusive goals or behaviors may need to be addressed intergroup conflict Which is NOT one of the factors discussed that can influence the conflict management process? Situational factors This approach to power views power as the deep structures that produce and reproduce relationships in the organization. radical-critical approach Distributive bargaining is characterized by which of the following? Compromises Steve and Judy have been coworkers for a long time and have always gotten along well. Lately, though, Judy has felt Steve has taken advantage of her by asking her to make excuses for his tardiness due to his personal problems. Judy hasn't said anything to Steve yet, but she has been thinking of ways to address the problem. According to Pondy's (1967) phases of organizational conflict, Judy is in the... felt conflict stage Which of these does NOT describe integrative bargaining? Maximize individual gains and maximize losses. Tempest, a new employee at Litter and Kibbles Pet Supplies, arrived at work this morning at 9 a.m. only to find that all the other employees had been working since 6 a.m. She was not aware that the workday at this company began at such an early hour. Tempest has just experienced which phase of socialization? Encounter The idea that decision makers attempt to make logical decisions, but they are limited by cognitive limits and practical limits of organizational life is referred to as________. bounded rationality _______ refers to a mode of thinking where a group is more concerned with appearing cohesive and maintaining group relations than they are with making a high-quality decision. Groupthink The affective model of participation process follows this pattern: PDM—Satisfaction of higher order needs—work satisfaction—motivation —productivity On the conflict management styles grid, this style has high concern for self and low concern for others. Competition Which of the following indicates a feminist approach to conflict? Encourage mutual involvement (T/F) Distributive bargaining is characterized by maximizing joint gains. False This leadership style/approach proposes that leaders match their leadership style to the characteristics of the situation. Contingency theory In this managerial strategy for communicating change, managers select a limited set of messages, conveys those messages to employees and attempts to persuade employees as to the wisdom of those chosen change decisions. Tell and Sell _______ is a coping strategy that involves changing the way one thinks about stressful situations. Appraisal-focused coping Katie works as a salesperson in Best Buy. She's expected to smile and have a cheerful personality at work and especially when relating to customers. This type of input is termed as... emotional labor. Diversity management programs are meant to promote equality in employment practices. However, they can sometimes have negative outcomes. Marla was recently hired at her firm, which was predominantly male. Since being hired, Marla has become a bit depressed about her role in the organization, as she wonders if she was the best applicant, or just the only female who applied. Marla may be suffering from which potential negative result of diversity management? The organization may indicate she was hired due to her gender just to fill a quota. (T/F) Women are now equally represented in the leadership of Fortune 500 companies. False Molly did not hear about the opening for the Director of Public Relations position in her place of employment because she is not tapped into the informal communication network. Molly has experienced difficulty in access resulting from... relational barriers.