DEP 2004 - Exam 3 Study Guide
complete Questions with simplified
correct Answers
Tanya's mom: "No way!"
Tanya: "Why not?"
Tanya's mom: "Because I said so!"
When sheila asked her mom she said: "I don't mind you going to the concert. If you want to go with just
Tanya (not the other boys), then that's fine."
What does this demonstrate? - correct answer-Parents go about child rearing in many different ways.
"This view of parents as _________ was part of early phychological theories (e.g., Watson, 1925) and is
held today by some first time parents." - correct answer-"All powerful"
It was believed that parents were directly and indirectly responsible for all aspects of their children's
development, however most theorists now view families forming a system of interacting elements:
"parents and children influence each other."
Family system of interacting includes: - correct answer-Families, extended family, friends, and teachers as
well as institutions that influence development.
Parenting can be described in terms of general dimensions that hold across different situations. These
are... - correct answer-1). The degree of warmth and responsiveness that a parent shows their child.
2). Involves control:
a). Dictatorial: Controlling every aspect of a child's life
b). Little or no control: Children do whatever they want.
c). Intermediate: Best for child
Intermediate Control: - correct answer-When parents set reasonable standards for their children's
behavior, expect their children to meet those standards, and monitor their children's behavior.
Combining the dimensions of warmth and control produces the four prototypic styles of parenting,
which are... - correct answer-1). Authoritarian parenting
2). Authoritative parenting
3). Permissive parenting
4). Uninvolved parenting
Authoritarian Parenting - correct answer-Combines high control with little warmth. Hard work, respect,
and obedience are what authoritarian parents wish to cultivate. THIS STYLE IS ILLUSTRATED BY TANYA'S
MOTHER.
Authoritative Parenting - correct answer-Combines a fair degree of parental control with being warm and
responsive to children. Parents explain rules and encourage discussion. EXEMPLIFIED BY SHELIA'S
MOTHER.
Permissive Parenting - correct answer-Offers warmth and caring but little parental control. These parents
generally accept their children's behavior and punish them infrequently.
Uninvolved Parenting - correct answer-Provides neither warmth or control. Indifferent-uninvolved
parents provide only basic physical and emotional needs. They try to minimize the amount of time spent
with their children and avoid becoming emotionally involved with them.
Views about the proper amount of warmth and amount of control vary according to what? - correct
answer-Culture.
Direct instruction - correct answer-Involves telling a child what to do, when, and why. Instead of shouting
orders without giving an explanation as to why, direct instruction is a better approach.
, Direct instruction and coaching (relating social and emotional skills) are particularly powerful when
paired with _______. - correct answer-Modeling. Urging children to act in a certain way is more
compelling when children also see others sharing.
Counterimitation - correct answer-Learning what should not be done. If an older sibling kicks a friend
and parents punish the older sibling, the younger child may learn not to kick others.
Reinforcement - correct answer-Any action that increases the likelihood of the response that it follows.
Parents can used reinforcement to encourage their children to complete tasks they don't like.
Punishment - correct answer-Any action that discourages the recurrence of the response that it follows.
Negative Reinforcement Trap - correct answer-Parents often unwittingly reinforce the very behaviors
they want to discourage. Occurs in three steps, most often between a mother and her son.
Three steps of Negative Reinforcement Trap - correct answer-1). Mother tells son to do something he
doesn't want to do.
2). The son responds with intolerable behavior.
3). The mother gives in - saying the son needn't do as she told him initially - simply to get the son to stop
the behavior that is so intolerable.
Punishment is most effective when... - correct answer-1). Administered directly after the undesired
behavior occurs, not hours later.
2). An undesired behavior always leads to punishment, not usually or occasionally.
3). Accompanied by an explanation of why the child was punished and how the punishment can be
avoided in the future.
4). The child has a warm, affectionate relationship with the person administering the punishment.
Time-out - correct answer-A child who misbehaves must briefly sit alone in a quite, unstimulating
location. Method combines the best features of punishment while avoiding it's shortcomings.
Parental conflict affects children's development through three distinct mechanisms... - correct answer-1).
Seeing parents fight jeopardizes a child's feeling that the family is stable and secure, making the child
feel anxious, frightened, and sad.
2). Chronic conflict between parents often spills over into the parent-child relationship.
3). When parents invest time and energy fighting with each other, they're often too tired or too
preoccupied to invest time in high-quality parenting.
The extent and revolution of conflict is an obvious way in which the parental system affects children,
but... - correct answer-it's not the only way.
Do all parents work well together? - correct answer-Obviously not.
When parents "go it alone"... - correct answer-parenting is far less effective
When men and women lead stressful lives at work, they... - correct answer-parent less effectively
Two characteristics that influence the way their parents treat them: - correct answer-1). Age
2). Temperament and Behavior
Age (1/2 characteristics) - correct answer-Parenting changes as children grow older.
Temperament and Behavior (2/2 characteristics) - correct answer-A child's temperament can have a
powerful effect on parental behavior.
Sibling relationships are very _______. - correct answer-Complicated.
Why are some sibling relationships so filled with love and respect while others are dominated by
jealousy and resentment? - correct answer-Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors all help
determine how well siblings get along.
Birth order effect (First-born) - correct answer-First-born children generally have higher scores on
intelligence tests and are more likely to go to college.
Joint Custody - correct answer-Both parents retain legal custody of the children. Children benefit from
joint custody if their parents get along.
When does joint custody fail? - correct answer-When the parents don't get along.
complete Questions with simplified
correct Answers
Tanya's mom: "No way!"
Tanya: "Why not?"
Tanya's mom: "Because I said so!"
When sheila asked her mom she said: "I don't mind you going to the concert. If you want to go with just
Tanya (not the other boys), then that's fine."
What does this demonstrate? - correct answer-Parents go about child rearing in many different ways.
"This view of parents as _________ was part of early phychological theories (e.g., Watson, 1925) and is
held today by some first time parents." - correct answer-"All powerful"
It was believed that parents were directly and indirectly responsible for all aspects of their children's
development, however most theorists now view families forming a system of interacting elements:
"parents and children influence each other."
Family system of interacting includes: - correct answer-Families, extended family, friends, and teachers as
well as institutions that influence development.
Parenting can be described in terms of general dimensions that hold across different situations. These
are... - correct answer-1). The degree of warmth and responsiveness that a parent shows their child.
2). Involves control:
a). Dictatorial: Controlling every aspect of a child's life
b). Little or no control: Children do whatever they want.
c). Intermediate: Best for child
Intermediate Control: - correct answer-When parents set reasonable standards for their children's
behavior, expect their children to meet those standards, and monitor their children's behavior.
Combining the dimensions of warmth and control produces the four prototypic styles of parenting,
which are... - correct answer-1). Authoritarian parenting
2). Authoritative parenting
3). Permissive parenting
4). Uninvolved parenting
Authoritarian Parenting - correct answer-Combines high control with little warmth. Hard work, respect,
and obedience are what authoritarian parents wish to cultivate. THIS STYLE IS ILLUSTRATED BY TANYA'S
MOTHER.
Authoritative Parenting - correct answer-Combines a fair degree of parental control with being warm and
responsive to children. Parents explain rules and encourage discussion. EXEMPLIFIED BY SHELIA'S
MOTHER.
Permissive Parenting - correct answer-Offers warmth and caring but little parental control. These parents
generally accept their children's behavior and punish them infrequently.
Uninvolved Parenting - correct answer-Provides neither warmth or control. Indifferent-uninvolved
parents provide only basic physical and emotional needs. They try to minimize the amount of time spent
with their children and avoid becoming emotionally involved with them.
Views about the proper amount of warmth and amount of control vary according to what? - correct
answer-Culture.
Direct instruction - correct answer-Involves telling a child what to do, when, and why. Instead of shouting
orders without giving an explanation as to why, direct instruction is a better approach.
, Direct instruction and coaching (relating social and emotional skills) are particularly powerful when
paired with _______. - correct answer-Modeling. Urging children to act in a certain way is more
compelling when children also see others sharing.
Counterimitation - correct answer-Learning what should not be done. If an older sibling kicks a friend
and parents punish the older sibling, the younger child may learn not to kick others.
Reinforcement - correct answer-Any action that increases the likelihood of the response that it follows.
Parents can used reinforcement to encourage their children to complete tasks they don't like.
Punishment - correct answer-Any action that discourages the recurrence of the response that it follows.
Negative Reinforcement Trap - correct answer-Parents often unwittingly reinforce the very behaviors
they want to discourage. Occurs in three steps, most often between a mother and her son.
Three steps of Negative Reinforcement Trap - correct answer-1). Mother tells son to do something he
doesn't want to do.
2). The son responds with intolerable behavior.
3). The mother gives in - saying the son needn't do as she told him initially - simply to get the son to stop
the behavior that is so intolerable.
Punishment is most effective when... - correct answer-1). Administered directly after the undesired
behavior occurs, not hours later.
2). An undesired behavior always leads to punishment, not usually or occasionally.
3). Accompanied by an explanation of why the child was punished and how the punishment can be
avoided in the future.
4). The child has a warm, affectionate relationship with the person administering the punishment.
Time-out - correct answer-A child who misbehaves must briefly sit alone in a quite, unstimulating
location. Method combines the best features of punishment while avoiding it's shortcomings.
Parental conflict affects children's development through three distinct mechanisms... - correct answer-1).
Seeing parents fight jeopardizes a child's feeling that the family is stable and secure, making the child
feel anxious, frightened, and sad.
2). Chronic conflict between parents often spills over into the parent-child relationship.
3). When parents invest time and energy fighting with each other, they're often too tired or too
preoccupied to invest time in high-quality parenting.
The extent and revolution of conflict is an obvious way in which the parental system affects children,
but... - correct answer-it's not the only way.
Do all parents work well together? - correct answer-Obviously not.
When parents "go it alone"... - correct answer-parenting is far less effective
When men and women lead stressful lives at work, they... - correct answer-parent less effectively
Two characteristics that influence the way their parents treat them: - correct answer-1). Age
2). Temperament and Behavior
Age (1/2 characteristics) - correct answer-Parenting changes as children grow older.
Temperament and Behavior (2/2 characteristics) - correct answer-A child's temperament can have a
powerful effect on parental behavior.
Sibling relationships are very _______. - correct answer-Complicated.
Why are some sibling relationships so filled with love and respect while others are dominated by
jealousy and resentment? - correct answer-Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors all help
determine how well siblings get along.
Birth order effect (First-born) - correct answer-First-born children generally have higher scores on
intelligence tests and are more likely to go to college.
Joint Custody - correct answer-Both parents retain legal custody of the children. Children benefit from
joint custody if their parents get along.
When does joint custody fail? - correct answer-When the parents don't get along.
