HESI Comprehensive Exam: Expert-Verified
Questions & Complete Solutions Customized for
Top Academic Performance
A nurse is preparing a poster for a health fair booth promoting primary prevention of skin
cancer. Which recommendations does the nurse include on the poster? Select all that
apply.
Seek medical advice if you find a skin lesion.
Use sunscreen with a low sun protection factor (SPF).
Avoid sun exposure before 10 a.m. and after 4 p.m.
Wear a hat, opaque clothing, and sunglasses when out in the sun.
Examine the body every 6 months for possibly cancerous or precancerous lesions. -
CORRECT ANS- -Seek medical advice if you find a skin lesion.
Wear a hat, opaque clothing, and sunglasses when out in the sun.
Wear a hat, opaque clothing, and sunglasses when out in the sun.
A nurse reviewing the medical record of a client with a diagnosis of infiltrating ductal
carcinoma of the breast notes documentation of the presence of peau d'orange skin. On
the basis of this notation, which finding would the nurse expect to note on assessment of
the client's breast? - CORRECT ANS- -Rationale: Peau d'orange (French for "orange peel") is
the term used to describe skin dimpling, resembling the skin of an orange, at the location of
a breast mass. This change, along with increased vascularity, nipple retraction, or
ulceration, may indicate advanced disease. Erythema, or reddening, of the breast indicates
inflammation such as that resulting from cellulitis or a breast abscess. Paget's disease is a
rare type of breast cancer that is manifested as a red, scaly nipple; discharge; crusting
lasting more than a few weeks. In nipple retraction, the nipple is pointed or pulled in an
abnormal direction. It is suggestive of malignancy.
,The mother of an adolescent diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus tells the nurse that
her child is a member of the school soccer team and expresses concern about her child's
participation in sports. What does the nurse tell the mother after providing information to
the mother about diet, exercise, insulin, and blood glucose control?
To always administer less insulin on the days of soccer games
That it is best not to encourage the child to participate in sports activities
That the child should eat a carbohydrate snack about a half-hour before each soccer game
To administer additional insulin before a soccer game if the blood glucose level is 240
mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L) or higher and ketones are present. - CORRECT ANS- -That the child
should eat a carbohydrate snack about a half-hour before each soccer game
Rationale: The child with diabetes mellitus who is active in sports requires additional food
intake in the form of a carbohydrate snack about a half-hour before the anticipated activity.
Additional food will need to be consumed, often as frequently as every 45 minutes to 1
hour, during prolonged periods of activity. If the blood glucose level is increased (240 mg/dL
[13.3 mmol/L] or more) and ketones are present before planned exercise, the activity
should be postponed until the blood glucose has been controlled. Moderate to high ketone
values should be reported to the primary health care provider. There is no reason for the
child to avoid participating in sports.
A client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease who requires dialysis three times a week for
the rest of his life says to the nurse, "Why should I even bother to watch what I eat and
drink? It doesn't really matter what I do if I'm never going to get better!" On the basis of the
client's statement, the nurse determines that the client is experiencing which problem?
Anxiety
Powerlessness
Ineffective coping
Disturbed body image - CORRECT ANS- -Powerlessness
, Rationale: Powerlessness is present when a client believes that he or she has no control
over the situation or that his or her actions will not affect an outcome in any significant way.
Anxiety is a vague uneasy feeling of apprehension. Some factors in anxiety include a threat
or perceived threat to physical or emotional integrity or self-concept, changes in role
function, and a threat to or change in socioeconomic status. Ineffective coping is present
when the client exhibits impaired adaptive abilities or behaviors in meeting the demands or
roles expected. Disturbed body image is diagnosed when there is an alteration in the way
the client perceives his or her own body image.
A nurse is providing morning care to a client in end-stage kidney disease. The client is
reluctant to talk and shows little interest in participating in hygiene care. Which statement
by the nurse would be therapeutic?
"What are your feelings right now?"
"Why don't you feel like washing up?"
"You aren't talking today. Cat got your tongue?"
"You need to get yourself cleaned up. You have company coming today." - CORRECT ANS- -
"What are your feelings right now?"
Rationale: Asking, "What are your feelings right now?" encourages the client to identify his
or her emotions or feelings, which is a therapeutic communication technique. In stating,
"Why don't you feel like washing up?" the nurse is requesting an explanation of feelings and
behaviors for which the client may not know the reason. Requesting an explanation is a
nontherapeutic communication technique. "You aren't talking today. Cat got your tongue?"
is a nontherapeutic cliché. The statement "You need to get yourself cleaned up. You have
company coming today" is demanding, demeaning to the client, and nontherapeutic.
Empyema develops in a client with an infected pleural effusion, and the nurse prepares the
client for thoracentesis. The nurse is assisting the primary health care provider with the
procedure. What characteristics of the fluid removed during thoracentesis should the
nurse expect to note?
Questions & Complete Solutions Customized for
Top Academic Performance
A nurse is preparing a poster for a health fair booth promoting primary prevention of skin
cancer. Which recommendations does the nurse include on the poster? Select all that
apply.
Seek medical advice if you find a skin lesion.
Use sunscreen with a low sun protection factor (SPF).
Avoid sun exposure before 10 a.m. and after 4 p.m.
Wear a hat, opaque clothing, and sunglasses when out in the sun.
Examine the body every 6 months for possibly cancerous or precancerous lesions. -
CORRECT ANS- -Seek medical advice if you find a skin lesion.
Wear a hat, opaque clothing, and sunglasses when out in the sun.
Wear a hat, opaque clothing, and sunglasses when out in the sun.
A nurse reviewing the medical record of a client with a diagnosis of infiltrating ductal
carcinoma of the breast notes documentation of the presence of peau d'orange skin. On
the basis of this notation, which finding would the nurse expect to note on assessment of
the client's breast? - CORRECT ANS- -Rationale: Peau d'orange (French for "orange peel") is
the term used to describe skin dimpling, resembling the skin of an orange, at the location of
a breast mass. This change, along with increased vascularity, nipple retraction, or
ulceration, may indicate advanced disease. Erythema, or reddening, of the breast indicates
inflammation such as that resulting from cellulitis or a breast abscess. Paget's disease is a
rare type of breast cancer that is manifested as a red, scaly nipple; discharge; crusting
lasting more than a few weeks. In nipple retraction, the nipple is pointed or pulled in an
abnormal direction. It is suggestive of malignancy.
,The mother of an adolescent diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus tells the nurse that
her child is a member of the school soccer team and expresses concern about her child's
participation in sports. What does the nurse tell the mother after providing information to
the mother about diet, exercise, insulin, and blood glucose control?
To always administer less insulin on the days of soccer games
That it is best not to encourage the child to participate in sports activities
That the child should eat a carbohydrate snack about a half-hour before each soccer game
To administer additional insulin before a soccer game if the blood glucose level is 240
mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L) or higher and ketones are present. - CORRECT ANS- -That the child
should eat a carbohydrate snack about a half-hour before each soccer game
Rationale: The child with diabetes mellitus who is active in sports requires additional food
intake in the form of a carbohydrate snack about a half-hour before the anticipated activity.
Additional food will need to be consumed, often as frequently as every 45 minutes to 1
hour, during prolonged periods of activity. If the blood glucose level is increased (240 mg/dL
[13.3 mmol/L] or more) and ketones are present before planned exercise, the activity
should be postponed until the blood glucose has been controlled. Moderate to high ketone
values should be reported to the primary health care provider. There is no reason for the
child to avoid participating in sports.
A client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease who requires dialysis three times a week for
the rest of his life says to the nurse, "Why should I even bother to watch what I eat and
drink? It doesn't really matter what I do if I'm never going to get better!" On the basis of the
client's statement, the nurse determines that the client is experiencing which problem?
Anxiety
Powerlessness
Ineffective coping
Disturbed body image - CORRECT ANS- -Powerlessness
, Rationale: Powerlessness is present when a client believes that he or she has no control
over the situation or that his or her actions will not affect an outcome in any significant way.
Anxiety is a vague uneasy feeling of apprehension. Some factors in anxiety include a threat
or perceived threat to physical or emotional integrity or self-concept, changes in role
function, and a threat to or change in socioeconomic status. Ineffective coping is present
when the client exhibits impaired adaptive abilities or behaviors in meeting the demands or
roles expected. Disturbed body image is diagnosed when there is an alteration in the way
the client perceives his or her own body image.
A nurse is providing morning care to a client in end-stage kidney disease. The client is
reluctant to talk and shows little interest in participating in hygiene care. Which statement
by the nurse would be therapeutic?
"What are your feelings right now?"
"Why don't you feel like washing up?"
"You aren't talking today. Cat got your tongue?"
"You need to get yourself cleaned up. You have company coming today." - CORRECT ANS- -
"What are your feelings right now?"
Rationale: Asking, "What are your feelings right now?" encourages the client to identify his
or her emotions or feelings, which is a therapeutic communication technique. In stating,
"Why don't you feel like washing up?" the nurse is requesting an explanation of feelings and
behaviors for which the client may not know the reason. Requesting an explanation is a
nontherapeutic communication technique. "You aren't talking today. Cat got your tongue?"
is a nontherapeutic cliché. The statement "You need to get yourself cleaned up. You have
company coming today" is demanding, demeaning to the client, and nontherapeutic.
Empyema develops in a client with an infected pleural effusion, and the nurse prepares the
client for thoracentesis. The nurse is assisting the primary health care provider with the
procedure. What characteristics of the fluid removed during thoracentesis should the
nurse expect to note?
