Essentials of Geology 7th Edition
(Stephen Marshak) - Chapter 12
Smartwork 2024/2025 Exam Questions
with 100% Correct Answers | Latest
Update
For organic material to accumulate in sediment and be preserved by burial, that
organic material must accumulate in ___ water systems. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔anoxic
Order the steps, from early- to late-stage conversion, for this sediment to
become a host to natural gas or oil. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Earliest to Latest:
Plankton and clay floating in low-oxygen water sink and accumulate
More sediment accumulates over the plankton-rich layer and compresses it
Organic-rich sediment is transformed into organic-rich shale
Heat and pressure increase with burial depth; organics convert to kerogen
As temperature increases, kerogen turns into oil and natural gas
Reservoir rock with high ___ is the preferred reservoir rock for an oil or gas well
because fluids move through it easily. Reservoir rock that has high ___ may
store much fluid. However, it's the connection between the ___ that allow flow
to occur through the rock. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Permeability
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, Porosity
Pores
What physical characteristics make a rock a good source rock for hydrocarbons?
In the diagram below, indicate which is the good source rock. - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Left - poor source rock
Right - good source rock
Low ___ would cause difficulty in pumping oil directly from a source rock. -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Permeability
A ___ is relatively impermeable; examples include shale, salt, and unfractured
limestone. Impermeable rock must overlie a ___ in order for a ___ to form. -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Seal
Reservoir rock
Hydrocarbon trap
Label the components of the hydrocarbon system shown in diagram C. -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Left - reservoir rock
Second from left - source rock
Second from right - hydrocarbon trap
Right - sealing rock
Page 2 of 6
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
(Stephen Marshak) - Chapter 12
Smartwork 2024/2025 Exam Questions
with 100% Correct Answers | Latest
Update
For organic material to accumulate in sediment and be preserved by burial, that
organic material must accumulate in ___ water systems. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔anoxic
Order the steps, from early- to late-stage conversion, for this sediment to
become a host to natural gas or oil. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Earliest to Latest:
Plankton and clay floating in low-oxygen water sink and accumulate
More sediment accumulates over the plankton-rich layer and compresses it
Organic-rich sediment is transformed into organic-rich shale
Heat and pressure increase with burial depth; organics convert to kerogen
As temperature increases, kerogen turns into oil and natural gas
Reservoir rock with high ___ is the preferred reservoir rock for an oil or gas well
because fluids move through it easily. Reservoir rock that has high ___ may
store much fluid. However, it's the connection between the ___ that allow flow
to occur through the rock. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Permeability
Page 1 of 6
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Porosity
Pores
What physical characteristics make a rock a good source rock for hydrocarbons?
In the diagram below, indicate which is the good source rock. - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Left - poor source rock
Right - good source rock
Low ___ would cause difficulty in pumping oil directly from a source rock. -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Permeability
A ___ is relatively impermeable; examples include shale, salt, and unfractured
limestone. Impermeable rock must overlie a ___ in order for a ___ to form. -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Seal
Reservoir rock
Hydrocarbon trap
Label the components of the hydrocarbon system shown in diagram C. -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Left - reservoir rock
Second from left - source rock
Second from right - hydrocarbon trap
Right - sealing rock
Page 2 of 6
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
