NUSCTX10 Midterm 1 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
nutrition - CORRECT ANSWER - the process of obtaining and the assimilation of food
necessary for the health, maintenance, growth and reproduction of the organism
nutritional sciences - CORRECT ANSWER - social <-> biological <-> physical (these
sciences applied to understanding the processes of nutrition are called nutritional sciences)
most of the weight of the body is due to ____ - CORRECT ANSWER - water, fat, and
protein
nutrients help to ____ - CORRECT ANSWER - form and maintain the shape and structure
of the body
proteins form ____ that help to ____ - CORRECT ANSWER - (1) ligaments and tendons
(2) hold bones together and attach muscles to bones
a healthy diet is ___ - CORRECT ANSWER - one that provides the right amount of
energy to keep weight in the desirable range; the proper types and balance of carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats; plenty of water; and sufficient but not excessive amounts of essential vitamins
and minerals
essential nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - - has a specific biological function
- removing it from the diet leads to a decline in human biological function
- returning the omitted substance to the diet before permamnet damage occurs restores to normal
those aspects of human biolgiical function that occured during its absence
3 categories of nutrients... - CORRECT ANSWER - (1) those that primarily provide
energy - typically expressed in kcal
(2) those that are important for growth and development - and later maintenance
,(3) those that keep body functions running smoothly.
*obviously there exists some overlap among these groupings. (1) and water make up a major
portion of most foods.
composition of the human body - CORRECT ANSWER - 62% water, 16% protein, 16%
fat, 6% minerals, carbohydrates, and other
carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - the body's main source of energy and the main
part of total daily intake
simple carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - sugar, honey...
complex carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - carbs that are more nutritious and have
fewer calroies per gram compared to fat, ex: grains, beans, pease, potatoes...
fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - the material that gives plants texture and support / not very
many calories / not usually broken down by the body for energy
insoluble fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - does not dissolve in water because it contains
high amounts of cellulose (bran of rains, pulp of fruit, skin of vegetables...)(ex. cellulose,
hemicellulose), part of cell wall, contributes bulk to stool
soluble fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - dissolves in water (apples, oatmeal, oat bran, rye
flour, dried beans...)(ex. gums, pectin)
fat - CORRECT ANSWER - supplies energy and transports nutrients (essentials are
omega-3 and omega-6)
protein - CORRECT ANSWER - supplies amino acids to build and maintain healthy body
tissue. necessary for all aspects of metabolism and growth
, vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - organic substances present in food and required by the
body in small amounts for regulation of metabolism and maintenance of normal growth and
functioning
water soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - B and C
fat soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - A, D, E, K
minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - important component in muscles, tissues, and bones /
also essential for hormones, oxygen transport, and enzyme systems.
major minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - minerals the body needs in large amounts
ex/ calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfur, chloride
trace minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - minerals the body only needs in small amounts
ex/ iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese
nutrient density - CORRECT ANSWER - a measure of the nutrient a food provides
compared to its energy content
water purpose in the body - CORRECT ANSWER - helps to regulate body temperature,
transports nutrients and minerals to cells, rids the body of waste materials, essential to all life
processes
mitochondria are good for what 3 things - CORRECT ANSWER - (1) ATP
(2) oxygen utilization
(3) carbon dioxide formation
Questions and CORRECT Answers
nutrition - CORRECT ANSWER - the process of obtaining and the assimilation of food
necessary for the health, maintenance, growth and reproduction of the organism
nutritional sciences - CORRECT ANSWER - social <-> biological <-> physical (these
sciences applied to understanding the processes of nutrition are called nutritional sciences)
most of the weight of the body is due to ____ - CORRECT ANSWER - water, fat, and
protein
nutrients help to ____ - CORRECT ANSWER - form and maintain the shape and structure
of the body
proteins form ____ that help to ____ - CORRECT ANSWER - (1) ligaments and tendons
(2) hold bones together and attach muscles to bones
a healthy diet is ___ - CORRECT ANSWER - one that provides the right amount of
energy to keep weight in the desirable range; the proper types and balance of carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats; plenty of water; and sufficient but not excessive amounts of essential vitamins
and minerals
essential nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER - - has a specific biological function
- removing it from the diet leads to a decline in human biological function
- returning the omitted substance to the diet before permamnet damage occurs restores to normal
those aspects of human biolgiical function that occured during its absence
3 categories of nutrients... - CORRECT ANSWER - (1) those that primarily provide
energy - typically expressed in kcal
(2) those that are important for growth and development - and later maintenance
,(3) those that keep body functions running smoothly.
*obviously there exists some overlap among these groupings. (1) and water make up a major
portion of most foods.
composition of the human body - CORRECT ANSWER - 62% water, 16% protein, 16%
fat, 6% minerals, carbohydrates, and other
carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - the body's main source of energy and the main
part of total daily intake
simple carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - sugar, honey...
complex carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - carbs that are more nutritious and have
fewer calroies per gram compared to fat, ex: grains, beans, pease, potatoes...
fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - the material that gives plants texture and support / not very
many calories / not usually broken down by the body for energy
insoluble fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - does not dissolve in water because it contains
high amounts of cellulose (bran of rains, pulp of fruit, skin of vegetables...)(ex. cellulose,
hemicellulose), part of cell wall, contributes bulk to stool
soluble fiber - CORRECT ANSWER - dissolves in water (apples, oatmeal, oat bran, rye
flour, dried beans...)(ex. gums, pectin)
fat - CORRECT ANSWER - supplies energy and transports nutrients (essentials are
omega-3 and omega-6)
protein - CORRECT ANSWER - supplies amino acids to build and maintain healthy body
tissue. necessary for all aspects of metabolism and growth
, vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - organic substances present in food and required by the
body in small amounts for regulation of metabolism and maintenance of normal growth and
functioning
water soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - B and C
fat soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - A, D, E, K
minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - important component in muscles, tissues, and bones /
also essential for hormones, oxygen transport, and enzyme systems.
major minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - minerals the body needs in large amounts
ex/ calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfur, chloride
trace minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - minerals the body only needs in small amounts
ex/ iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese
nutrient density - CORRECT ANSWER - a measure of the nutrient a food provides
compared to its energy content
water purpose in the body - CORRECT ANSWER - helps to regulate body temperature,
transports nutrients and minerals to cells, rids the body of waste materials, essential to all life
processes
mitochondria are good for what 3 things - CORRECT ANSWER - (1) ATP
(2) oxygen utilization
(3) carbon dioxide formation
