biol 227 FINAL Exam Questions with Complete
Answers
Describe the first Endosymbiotic Event
An archaeon prokaryote lost its cell wall and its plasma membrane became high in-folded,
closing off its DNA in a membrane. This prokaryote engulfed a proteobacterium (gram -) which
became an endosymbiont (the mitochondria).
Describe the 2nd Endosymbiotic Event
The now heterotrophic eukaryote engulfed a cyanobacterium (gram -) which became an
endosymbiont (the chloroplast)
3 subphyla of Excavates
1. Diplomonads
2. Parabasalids
3. Euglenozoans
3 subphyla of SAR
1. Stramenopiles
2. Alveolates
3. Rhizarians
3 subphyla of archaeplastida
1. Red algae
2. Green algae
3. Land plants
ChLOrophytes vs ChArophytes
Chlorophytes- Cellulose synthesizing protein rings
Charophytes- have pyrenoid bodies in their chloroplasts.
, What is the function of pyrenoid bodies in charophytes?
to reduce rates of photorespiration
2 subphyla of Unikonta
1. Amoebozoans
2. Opisthokonts
Distinct characteristics of Entamoebas
1. parasitic
2. Have a single bulging pseudopod
3. Secrete enzymes that degrade human epithelial cells
Distinct characteristics of Fungi
1. Cell walls made of Chitin
2. Composed of Hyphae
Distinct feature of Coenocytic fungi
1. Lack septa
2. Have continued cytoplasmic mass with hundreds of nuclei
What is an advantage to having hyphae divided into cells by septa?
1. Greater structural integrity
2. Able to grow elaborate fruiting bodies
3. Allows cell-to-cell movement of organelles
What is the function of haustoria in some fungi?
To penetrate tissues and cells of their host
plasmogamy
Fusion of cytoplasm from 2 mycelia of different mating types
Answers
Describe the first Endosymbiotic Event
An archaeon prokaryote lost its cell wall and its plasma membrane became high in-folded,
closing off its DNA in a membrane. This prokaryote engulfed a proteobacterium (gram -) which
became an endosymbiont (the mitochondria).
Describe the 2nd Endosymbiotic Event
The now heterotrophic eukaryote engulfed a cyanobacterium (gram -) which became an
endosymbiont (the chloroplast)
3 subphyla of Excavates
1. Diplomonads
2. Parabasalids
3. Euglenozoans
3 subphyla of SAR
1. Stramenopiles
2. Alveolates
3. Rhizarians
3 subphyla of archaeplastida
1. Red algae
2. Green algae
3. Land plants
ChLOrophytes vs ChArophytes
Chlorophytes- Cellulose synthesizing protein rings
Charophytes- have pyrenoid bodies in their chloroplasts.
, What is the function of pyrenoid bodies in charophytes?
to reduce rates of photorespiration
2 subphyla of Unikonta
1. Amoebozoans
2. Opisthokonts
Distinct characteristics of Entamoebas
1. parasitic
2. Have a single bulging pseudopod
3. Secrete enzymes that degrade human epithelial cells
Distinct characteristics of Fungi
1. Cell walls made of Chitin
2. Composed of Hyphae
Distinct feature of Coenocytic fungi
1. Lack septa
2. Have continued cytoplasmic mass with hundreds of nuclei
What is an advantage to having hyphae divided into cells by septa?
1. Greater structural integrity
2. Able to grow elaborate fruiting bodies
3. Allows cell-to-cell movement of organelles
What is the function of haustoria in some fungi?
To penetrate tissues and cells of their host
plasmogamy
Fusion of cytoplasm from 2 mycelia of different mating types
