NUR445 Exam 2 NUR 445 Module 4 - Renal,
Gastrointestinal, and Reproductive Disorders Exam 2
Questions and Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed |
Graded A+
Central Venous Pressure (CVP): what is it
measuring? normal range? how to treat high or
low CVP?
- Measures: volume of blood returning to the right
ventricle at the end of diastole (filling); measures
preload
- Range: 2-6
- Low: give fluids and/or vasopressor (levophed,
dobutamine)
- High: diuretics (furosemide)
When is bradycardia treated? How is it treated?
- When it is symptomatic (chest pain, dizziness,
syncope)
- Start with atropine, treat cause if possible (hypoxia
or hypothermia), then norepinephrine, then
pacemaker
,What are some uses of digoxin? MOA?
* Not primary treatment for anything!!!*
- Uses: sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial
flutter, heart failure
- MOA: inotropic action increases contractility to
improve cardiac output
What are the s/s of digoxin toxicity? electrolyte
cause? treatment?
- s/s: visual disturbances (yellow halos), anorexia,
low HR/BP
- cause: hypokalemia
- Tx: Digoxin immune fab
What are administration considerations for
Digoxin?
check apical pulse and K+ prior to administration
What type of cholesterol increases the risk for
heart disease?
High LDL cholesterol can cause atherosclerosis and
increase risk for blood clots
** fiber can help reduce LDL cholesterol by binding
to in the intestines
What are the s/s of right sided heart failure?
dependent edema (lower extremities), ascites, weight
gain, Jugular vein distention
What are the s/s of left sided heart failure?
, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, elevated pulmonary
capillary wedge pressure, orthopnea, exertional
dyspnea, persistent cough, blood tinged sputum,
crackles/rales, tachypnea, sudden weight gain,
confusion due to decreased perfusion, tachycardia,
cyanosis.
How does nicotine affect the blood vessels?
causes vasoconstriction which increases afterload,
decreasing cardiac output, and increasing workload
on the heart
What is the difference between stable and
unstable angina?
stable angina is relieved by nitro tablet
administration and rest
unstable angina is not relieved by nitro and rest
What are nursing considerations after cardiac
catheterization?
- flat bed rest for 2-6 hours
- watch insertion site for hematoma or bleeding
- monitor vitals and continuous cardiac monitoring
- monitor for chest pain, stroke (confusion,
weakness, slurred speech), 5 Ps of peripheral
extremities, urine output, fluid intake
- monitor renal blood work, H&H, and coagulation
studies
Gastrointestinal, and Reproductive Disorders Exam 2
Questions and Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed |
Graded A+
Central Venous Pressure (CVP): what is it
measuring? normal range? how to treat high or
low CVP?
- Measures: volume of blood returning to the right
ventricle at the end of diastole (filling); measures
preload
- Range: 2-6
- Low: give fluids and/or vasopressor (levophed,
dobutamine)
- High: diuretics (furosemide)
When is bradycardia treated? How is it treated?
- When it is symptomatic (chest pain, dizziness,
syncope)
- Start with atropine, treat cause if possible (hypoxia
or hypothermia), then norepinephrine, then
pacemaker
,What are some uses of digoxin? MOA?
* Not primary treatment for anything!!!*
- Uses: sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial
flutter, heart failure
- MOA: inotropic action increases contractility to
improve cardiac output
What are the s/s of digoxin toxicity? electrolyte
cause? treatment?
- s/s: visual disturbances (yellow halos), anorexia,
low HR/BP
- cause: hypokalemia
- Tx: Digoxin immune fab
What are administration considerations for
Digoxin?
check apical pulse and K+ prior to administration
What type of cholesterol increases the risk for
heart disease?
High LDL cholesterol can cause atherosclerosis and
increase risk for blood clots
** fiber can help reduce LDL cholesterol by binding
to in the intestines
What are the s/s of right sided heart failure?
dependent edema (lower extremities), ascites, weight
gain, Jugular vein distention
What are the s/s of left sided heart failure?
, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, elevated pulmonary
capillary wedge pressure, orthopnea, exertional
dyspnea, persistent cough, blood tinged sputum,
crackles/rales, tachypnea, sudden weight gain,
confusion due to decreased perfusion, tachycardia,
cyanosis.
How does nicotine affect the blood vessels?
causes vasoconstriction which increases afterload,
decreasing cardiac output, and increasing workload
on the heart
What is the difference between stable and
unstable angina?
stable angina is relieved by nitro tablet
administration and rest
unstable angina is not relieved by nitro and rest
What are nursing considerations after cardiac
catheterization?
- flat bed rest for 2-6 hours
- watch insertion site for hematoma or bleeding
- monitor vitals and continuous cardiac monitoring
- monitor for chest pain, stroke (confusion,
weakness, slurred speech), 5 Ps of peripheral
extremities, urine output, fluid intake
- monitor renal blood work, H&H, and coagulation
studies
