AP® Advanced Placement(AP®
BiologyAdvanced
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Solution
Placement
Placement Manual
Biology Biology
ch 1-38
Instructor’s
AP®Solution
Instructor’s Advanced
Solution
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Manual chManual
1-38Biology
Allch 1-38.pdf
Instructor’s
Chapters, A+: 2026).Solution Manual ch 1-38.pdf
1 | The Study of Life 1
1 | THE STUDY OF LIFE
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1 What is a suggested and testable explanation for an event called?
A Discovery
B Hypothesis
C Scientific method
D Theory
Solution The solution is (B). A hypothesis is a testable explanation for an event.
2 Which branch of science is NOT considered a natural science?
A Astronomy
B Biology
C Computer science
D Physics
Solution The solution is (C). Computer science is a practical and scientific approach to
computation and its application. It is not considered a natural science.
3 What is the name for the formal process through which scientific research is checked for
originality, significance, and quality before being accepted into the scientific literature?
A Publication
B Public speaking
C Peer review
D Scientific method
Solution The solution is (C). Peer review is the process in which scientific papers are reviewed
by experts in the scientist’s field to ensure that a scientist’s research is original,
significant, logical, and thorough.
4 What are (i) two topics that are likely to be studied by biologists and (ii) two areas of
scientific study that would fall outside the realm of biology?
A (i) diseases affecting humans, pollution affecting species’ habitat; (ii) calculating
surface area of rectangular ground, functioning of planetary orbits
B (i) calculating surface area of rectangular ground, functioning of planetary orbits;
(ii) formation of metamorphic rocks, galaxy formation and evolution
Advanced Placement Biology Instructor’s Solution Manual
3/23/2026,
3/15/2026 4:41:40 PM 3/23/2026,
AP® Advanced Placement Biology 4:41:35 PM Solution
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Placement
Manual
Biology
ch 1-38.pdf 3/23/2026,
Instructor’s Solution Manual ch4:41:34 PM
1-38.pdf
,AP® Advanced Placement(AP®
BiologyAdvanced
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Solution
Placement
Placement Manual
Biology Biology
ch 1-38
Instructor’s
AP®Solution
Instructor’s Advanced
Solution
Placement
Manual chManual
1-38Biology
Allch 1-38.pdf
Instructor’s
Chapters, A+: 2026).Solution Manual ch 1-38.pdf
2 1 | The Study of Life
C (i) plant responses to external stimuli, functioning of planetary orbits; (ii) formation of
metamorphic rocks, galaxy formation and evolution
D (i) plant responses to external stimuli, study of the shape and motion of physical
objects; (ii) formation of metamorphic rocks, galaxy formation and evolution
Solution The solution is (A). Diseases affecting humans and pollution affecting species are two
topics that can be studied by biologists, while calculating the surface area of a
rectangular plot of land and the function of planetary orbits are two topics that fall
outside of the realm of biology.
5 Which statement is an example of deductive reasoning?
A Most swimming animals use fins; therefore, fins are an adaptation to swimming.
B Mitochondria are inherited from the mother; therefore, maternally inherited traits are
encoded by mitochondrial DNA.
C Small animals lose more heat than larger animals. One would not expect to find wild
mice in the North and South Poles.
D Water conservation is a major requirement to survive in the desert. Large leaves
increase loss of water by evaporation. Therefore, desert plants should have smaller
leaves.
Solution The solution is (D). Water conservation is a major requirement to survive in the
desert. On plants, broad, thin leaves lose more water to evaporation than smaller,
thicker leaves. Therefore, desert plants should have smaller leaves. The answer best
demonstrates how a general principle or law is used to forecast specific results.
6 Why are viruses NOT considered living?
A Viruses are not made of cells.
B Viruses do not have genetic material.
C Viruses have DNA and RNA.
D Viruses are obligate parasites and require a host.
Solution The solution is (A). Viruses are not made up of cells. They are made up of DNA or
RNA surrounded by a protein coat. Biologists characterize living organisms as being
composed of cells.
7 The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a characteristic of what?
A Bacteria
B Eukaryotic cells
C All living organisms
D Prokaryotic cells
Solution The solution is (B). Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-
bound nucleus.
Advanced Placement Biology Instructor’s Solution Manual
3/23/2026,
3/15/2026 4:41:40 PM 3/23/2026,
AP® Advanced Placement Biology 4:41:35 PM Solution
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Placement
Manual
Biology
ch 1-38.pdf 3/23/2026,
Instructor’s Solution Manual ch4:41:34 PM
1-38.pdf
,AP® Advanced Placement(AP®
BiologyAdvanced
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Solution
Placement
Placement Manual
Biology Biology
ch 1-38
Instructor’s
AP®Solution
Instructor’s Advanced
Solution
Placement
Manual chManual
1-38Biology
Allch 1-38.pdf
Instructor’s
Chapters, A+: 2026).Solution Manual ch 1-38.pdf
1 | The Study of Life 3
8 What is a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area called?
A A community
B An ecosystem
C A family
D A population
Solution The solution is (D). A population is a group of individuals that belong to the same
species, live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability to interbreed.
9 Which sequence represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the most
inclusive to the least complex level?
A Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism
B Organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population
C Organism, organ, tissue, organelle, molecule
D Organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ
Solution The solution is (A). The biosphere is the highest level, which is the most inclusive,
and the organism is the lowest level and least inclusive in the given hierarchy.
10 Where in a phylogenetic tree would you expect to find the organism that had evolved
most recently?
A At the base
B At the nodes
C At the branch tips
D Within the branches
Solution The solution is (C). The "tips" of the tree branches represent the recently evolved
taxa.
11 What is a characteristic that is NOT present in all living things?
A Homeostasis and regulation
B Metabolism
C Nucleus containing DNA
D Reproduction
Solution The solution is (C). A nucleus containing DNA is not present in all living organisms.
Advanced Placement Biology Instructor’s Solution Manual
3/23/2026,
3/15/2026 4:41:40 PM 3/23/2026,
AP® Advanced Placement Biology 4:41:35 PM Solution
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Placement
Manual
Biology
ch 1-38.pdf 3/23/2026,
Instructor’s Solution Manual ch4:41:34 PM
1-38.pdf
, AP® Advanced Placement(AP®
BiologyAdvanced
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Solution
Placement
Placement Manual
Biology Biology
ch 1-38
Instructor’s
AP®Solution
Instructor’s Advanced
Solution
Placement
Manual chManual
1-38Biology
Allch 1-38.pdf
Instructor’s
Chapters, A+: 2026).Solution Manual ch 1-38.pdf
4 1 | The Study of Life
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
12 Is mathematics a natural science? Explain your reasoning.
A No, it is not a natural science because it is not used in the study of the natural world.
B No, it is not a natural science. Mathematics focuses on understanding mathematical
relations and calculations, which is useful in natural sciences but which is distinct.
C Yes, it is a natural science. Mathematics deals with verifying the experimental data.
D Yes, it is a natural science. It uses chemical and physical measurements.
Solution The solution is (B). No, it is not a natural science. Mathematics does not involve
measuring aspects of the natural world.
13 Although the scientific method is used by most of the sciences, it can also be applied to
everyday situations. A situation is given below. Using the scientific method try to arrange
the given steps in the correct order. Situation:
1. If the car doesn’t start the problem might be in the battery.
2. Car doesn’t start.
3. After changing the battery. Car starts working.
4. The car should start after charging the battery or changing the battery.
5. The car doesn’t start because the battery is dead.
6. The car doesn’t start even after charging the battery, the battery must have stopped
working.
A 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
B 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
C 2, 1, 5, 4, 6, 3
D 2, 1, 5, 6, 3, 4
Solution The solution is (C). 2, 1, 5, 4, 6, 3 is the correct sequence of the situation given.
14 Read questions 1 through 4.
Question 1. Is macaroni and cheese tastier than broccoli soup?
Question 2. Are hummingbirds attracted to the color red?
Question 3. Is the moon made out of green cheese?
Question 4. Is plagiarism dishonest?
Which questions lend themselves to investigation using scientific methods? In other
words, is the hypothesis falsifiable (can be proven false)?
Advanced Placement Biology Instructor’s Solution Manual
3/23/2026,
3/15/2026 4:41:40 PM 3/23/2026,
AP® Advanced Placement Biology 4:41:35 PM Solution
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Placement
Manual
Biology
ch 1-38.pdf 3/23/2026,
Instructor’s Solution Manual ch4:41:34 PM
1-38.pdf
BiologyAdvanced
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Solution
Placement
Placement Manual
Biology Biology
ch 1-38
Instructor’s
AP®Solution
Instructor’s Advanced
Solution
Placement
Manual chManual
1-38Biology
Allch 1-38.pdf
Instructor’s
Chapters, A+: 2026).Solution Manual ch 1-38.pdf
1 | The Study of Life 1
1 | THE STUDY OF LIFE
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1 What is a suggested and testable explanation for an event called?
A Discovery
B Hypothesis
C Scientific method
D Theory
Solution The solution is (B). A hypothesis is a testable explanation for an event.
2 Which branch of science is NOT considered a natural science?
A Astronomy
B Biology
C Computer science
D Physics
Solution The solution is (C). Computer science is a practical and scientific approach to
computation and its application. It is not considered a natural science.
3 What is the name for the formal process through which scientific research is checked for
originality, significance, and quality before being accepted into the scientific literature?
A Publication
B Public speaking
C Peer review
D Scientific method
Solution The solution is (C). Peer review is the process in which scientific papers are reviewed
by experts in the scientist’s field to ensure that a scientist’s research is original,
significant, logical, and thorough.
4 What are (i) two topics that are likely to be studied by biologists and (ii) two areas of
scientific study that would fall outside the realm of biology?
A (i) diseases affecting humans, pollution affecting species’ habitat; (ii) calculating
surface area of rectangular ground, functioning of planetary orbits
B (i) calculating surface area of rectangular ground, functioning of planetary orbits;
(ii) formation of metamorphic rocks, galaxy formation and evolution
Advanced Placement Biology Instructor’s Solution Manual
3/23/2026,
3/15/2026 4:41:40 PM 3/23/2026,
AP® Advanced Placement Biology 4:41:35 PM Solution
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Placement
Manual
Biology
ch 1-38.pdf 3/23/2026,
Instructor’s Solution Manual ch4:41:34 PM
1-38.pdf
,AP® Advanced Placement(AP®
BiologyAdvanced
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Solution
Placement
Placement Manual
Biology Biology
ch 1-38
Instructor’s
AP®Solution
Instructor’s Advanced
Solution
Placement
Manual chManual
1-38Biology
Allch 1-38.pdf
Instructor’s
Chapters, A+: 2026).Solution Manual ch 1-38.pdf
2 1 | The Study of Life
C (i) plant responses to external stimuli, functioning of planetary orbits; (ii) formation of
metamorphic rocks, galaxy formation and evolution
D (i) plant responses to external stimuli, study of the shape and motion of physical
objects; (ii) formation of metamorphic rocks, galaxy formation and evolution
Solution The solution is (A). Diseases affecting humans and pollution affecting species are two
topics that can be studied by biologists, while calculating the surface area of a
rectangular plot of land and the function of planetary orbits are two topics that fall
outside of the realm of biology.
5 Which statement is an example of deductive reasoning?
A Most swimming animals use fins; therefore, fins are an adaptation to swimming.
B Mitochondria are inherited from the mother; therefore, maternally inherited traits are
encoded by mitochondrial DNA.
C Small animals lose more heat than larger animals. One would not expect to find wild
mice in the North and South Poles.
D Water conservation is a major requirement to survive in the desert. Large leaves
increase loss of water by evaporation. Therefore, desert plants should have smaller
leaves.
Solution The solution is (D). Water conservation is a major requirement to survive in the
desert. On plants, broad, thin leaves lose more water to evaporation than smaller,
thicker leaves. Therefore, desert plants should have smaller leaves. The answer best
demonstrates how a general principle or law is used to forecast specific results.
6 Why are viruses NOT considered living?
A Viruses are not made of cells.
B Viruses do not have genetic material.
C Viruses have DNA and RNA.
D Viruses are obligate parasites and require a host.
Solution The solution is (A). Viruses are not made up of cells. They are made up of DNA or
RNA surrounded by a protein coat. Biologists characterize living organisms as being
composed of cells.
7 The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a characteristic of what?
A Bacteria
B Eukaryotic cells
C All living organisms
D Prokaryotic cells
Solution The solution is (B). Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-
bound nucleus.
Advanced Placement Biology Instructor’s Solution Manual
3/23/2026,
3/15/2026 4:41:40 PM 3/23/2026,
AP® Advanced Placement Biology 4:41:35 PM Solution
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Placement
Manual
Biology
ch 1-38.pdf 3/23/2026,
Instructor’s Solution Manual ch4:41:34 PM
1-38.pdf
,AP® Advanced Placement(AP®
BiologyAdvanced
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Solution
Placement
Placement Manual
Biology Biology
ch 1-38
Instructor’s
AP®Solution
Instructor’s Advanced
Solution
Placement
Manual chManual
1-38Biology
Allch 1-38.pdf
Instructor’s
Chapters, A+: 2026).Solution Manual ch 1-38.pdf
1 | The Study of Life 3
8 What is a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area called?
A A community
B An ecosystem
C A family
D A population
Solution The solution is (D). A population is a group of individuals that belong to the same
species, live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability to interbreed.
9 Which sequence represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the most
inclusive to the least complex level?
A Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism
B Organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population
C Organism, organ, tissue, organelle, molecule
D Organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ
Solution The solution is (A). The biosphere is the highest level, which is the most inclusive,
and the organism is the lowest level and least inclusive in the given hierarchy.
10 Where in a phylogenetic tree would you expect to find the organism that had evolved
most recently?
A At the base
B At the nodes
C At the branch tips
D Within the branches
Solution The solution is (C). The "tips" of the tree branches represent the recently evolved
taxa.
11 What is a characteristic that is NOT present in all living things?
A Homeostasis and regulation
B Metabolism
C Nucleus containing DNA
D Reproduction
Solution The solution is (C). A nucleus containing DNA is not present in all living organisms.
Advanced Placement Biology Instructor’s Solution Manual
3/23/2026,
3/15/2026 4:41:40 PM 3/23/2026,
AP® Advanced Placement Biology 4:41:35 PM Solution
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Placement
Manual
Biology
ch 1-38.pdf 3/23/2026,
Instructor’s Solution Manual ch4:41:34 PM
1-38.pdf
, AP® Advanced Placement(AP®
BiologyAdvanced
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Solution
Placement
Placement Manual
Biology Biology
ch 1-38
Instructor’s
AP®Solution
Instructor’s Advanced
Solution
Placement
Manual chManual
1-38Biology
Allch 1-38.pdf
Instructor’s
Chapters, A+: 2026).Solution Manual ch 1-38.pdf
4 1 | The Study of Life
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
12 Is mathematics a natural science? Explain your reasoning.
A No, it is not a natural science because it is not used in the study of the natural world.
B No, it is not a natural science. Mathematics focuses on understanding mathematical
relations and calculations, which is useful in natural sciences but which is distinct.
C Yes, it is a natural science. Mathematics deals with verifying the experimental data.
D Yes, it is a natural science. It uses chemical and physical measurements.
Solution The solution is (B). No, it is not a natural science. Mathematics does not involve
measuring aspects of the natural world.
13 Although the scientific method is used by most of the sciences, it can also be applied to
everyday situations. A situation is given below. Using the scientific method try to arrange
the given steps in the correct order. Situation:
1. If the car doesn’t start the problem might be in the battery.
2. Car doesn’t start.
3. After changing the battery. Car starts working.
4. The car should start after charging the battery or changing the battery.
5. The car doesn’t start because the battery is dead.
6. The car doesn’t start even after charging the battery, the battery must have stopped
working.
A 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
B 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
C 2, 1, 5, 4, 6, 3
D 2, 1, 5, 6, 3, 4
Solution The solution is (C). 2, 1, 5, 4, 6, 3 is the correct sequence of the situation given.
14 Read questions 1 through 4.
Question 1. Is macaroni and cheese tastier than broccoli soup?
Question 2. Are hummingbirds attracted to the color red?
Question 3. Is the moon made out of green cheese?
Question 4. Is plagiarism dishonest?
Which questions lend themselves to investigation using scientific methods? In other
words, is the hypothesis falsifiable (can be proven false)?
Advanced Placement Biology Instructor’s Solution Manual
3/23/2026,
3/15/2026 4:41:40 PM 3/23/2026,
AP® Advanced Placement Biology 4:41:35 PM Solution
Instructor’s
AP® Advanced Placement
Manual
Biology
ch 1-38.pdf 3/23/2026,
Instructor’s Solution Manual ch4:41:34 PM
1-38.pdf
