Psychological Assessment Test 2
Validity -
✅A test is valid to the extent that influences made from the Standard for Educational and
Psychological Testing
Content Validity -
✅Determined degree to which the questions, tasks, or items on a test are representative of the
universe of behavior test was designed to sample
Quantification of Content Validity -
✅2 expert judges rank items an agree on strong relevant items
IF trait is ill-defined, no measure of validity can be made
Face Validity -
✅- Not validity at all
- Looks valid to test users, examiners, and examinees at FACE value
Criterion-related Validity -
✅When a test is shown to be effective in estimating an examinee's performance on some
outcome measure
Concurrent Validity -
✅Criterion measures or obtained at approximately the same time as the test score
- Licensing exam or achievement test
- Good when the test score correlates to other tests already out there
Predictive Validity -
✅A score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure
- Entrance exams and emplment tests
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,- Who's to succeed in a future endeavor
Regression Equation -
✅Describes the best-fitting straight line for estimating the criterion from the test
- let's us determine the specific relation of the Predictor and the OUTCOME
Standard Error of Estimate -
✅The margin of
error to be expected in the predicted criterion
score.
- Formula:
- Index and standard error help gauge margins of error
Decision Theory -
✅Purpose of psychological testing is not measurement per se but measurement in the service of
decision making.
Decision Theory Assumptions -
✅- 1. The value of various outcomes to the institution can be expressed in terms of a common
utility scale.
- 2. In institutional selection decisions, the most generally useful strategy is one that maximizes the
average gain on the utility scale over many decisions
Construct -
✅Theoretical, intangible quality of trait which individuals differ
Construct Validity -
✅defines how well a test or experiment measures up to its claims.
A test designed to measure depression must only measure that particular construct, not closely
related ideals such as anxiety or stress.
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, Claim to measure complex, multifaceted, and theorybound psychological attributes such as
psychopathy, intelligence, leadership abilities, and the like.
Construct Validity Attributes -
✅- 1. No criterion or universe of content is accepted as entirely adequate to define the quality to
be measured.
- 2. To evaluate the construct validity of a test we must amass a variety of evidence from numerous
sources.
- 3. content, concurrent, and predictive validity are regarded merely as supportive evidence in the
cumulative quest for construct validation.
Test of Homogeneity -
✅Measure a single construct then its component items likely will be the same
Appropriate Developmental Changes -
✅Regular age-graded changes from early childhood into mature adulthood and perhaps beyonds
Theory-Consistent Group Differences -
✅Theory stays the same between different types of people
- People with a high amount of the construct should score high and vise versa
Theory-Consistent Intervention Effects -
✅Test scores change in appropriate direction and amount in reaction to planned or unplanned
intervention
Convergent Validity: -
✅Test correlates highly with other variables or tests with which it shares an overlap of constructs
Discriminant Validity -
✅Test DOES NOT correlate with variables or tests from which it should differ
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Validity -
✅A test is valid to the extent that influences made from the Standard for Educational and
Psychological Testing
Content Validity -
✅Determined degree to which the questions, tasks, or items on a test are representative of the
universe of behavior test was designed to sample
Quantification of Content Validity -
✅2 expert judges rank items an agree on strong relevant items
IF trait is ill-defined, no measure of validity can be made
Face Validity -
✅- Not validity at all
- Looks valid to test users, examiners, and examinees at FACE value
Criterion-related Validity -
✅When a test is shown to be effective in estimating an examinee's performance on some
outcome measure
Concurrent Validity -
✅Criterion measures or obtained at approximately the same time as the test score
- Licensing exam or achievement test
- Good when the test score correlates to other tests already out there
Predictive Validity -
✅A score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure
- Entrance exams and emplment tests
1|Page
,- Who's to succeed in a future endeavor
Regression Equation -
✅Describes the best-fitting straight line for estimating the criterion from the test
- let's us determine the specific relation of the Predictor and the OUTCOME
Standard Error of Estimate -
✅The margin of
error to be expected in the predicted criterion
score.
- Formula:
- Index and standard error help gauge margins of error
Decision Theory -
✅Purpose of psychological testing is not measurement per se but measurement in the service of
decision making.
Decision Theory Assumptions -
✅- 1. The value of various outcomes to the institution can be expressed in terms of a common
utility scale.
- 2. In institutional selection decisions, the most generally useful strategy is one that maximizes the
average gain on the utility scale over many decisions
Construct -
✅Theoretical, intangible quality of trait which individuals differ
Construct Validity -
✅defines how well a test or experiment measures up to its claims.
A test designed to measure depression must only measure that particular construct, not closely
related ideals such as anxiety or stress.
2|Page
, Claim to measure complex, multifaceted, and theorybound psychological attributes such as
psychopathy, intelligence, leadership abilities, and the like.
Construct Validity Attributes -
✅- 1. No criterion or universe of content is accepted as entirely adequate to define the quality to
be measured.
- 2. To evaluate the construct validity of a test we must amass a variety of evidence from numerous
sources.
- 3. content, concurrent, and predictive validity are regarded merely as supportive evidence in the
cumulative quest for construct validation.
Test of Homogeneity -
✅Measure a single construct then its component items likely will be the same
Appropriate Developmental Changes -
✅Regular age-graded changes from early childhood into mature adulthood and perhaps beyonds
Theory-Consistent Group Differences -
✅Theory stays the same between different types of people
- People with a high amount of the construct should score high and vise versa
Theory-Consistent Intervention Effects -
✅Test scores change in appropriate direction and amount in reaction to planned or unplanned
intervention
Convergent Validity: -
✅Test correlates highly with other variables or tests with which it shares an overlap of constructs
Discriminant Validity -
✅Test DOES NOT correlate with variables or tests from which it should differ
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