McCuistion: Pharmacology: A Patient-Centered
Nursing Process Approach, 11th Edition verified
100%
What are the two major categories of lower respiratory tract disorders. - Answer-Chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and restrictive pulmonary disease
/.COPD is caused by airway obstruction which causes.... - Answer-increased airway
resistance of airflow to lung tissues.
/.causes a decrease in total lung capacity as a result of fluid accumulation or loss of
elasticity of the lung. - Answer-Restrictive lung disease
/.What is the definition of Asthma - Answer-inflammatory disorder of the airway walls
associated with a varying amount of airway obstruction
/.When activated by stimuli, the bronchial airways become inflamed and edematous,
leading to constriction of air passages. This process is related to which lower respiratory
tract disorder? - Answer-Asthma
/.Chronic bronchitis definition - Answer-Progressive lung disease caused by smoking or
chronic lung infections
/.Bronchial inflammation and excessive mucous secretion result in airway obstruction.
This process is related to which lower respiratory tract disorder? - Answer-Chronic
bronchitis
/.The bronchioles become obstructed by the breakdown of the epithelium of the
bronchial mucosa. This process is related to which disorder? - Answer-Bronchiectasis
/.What may result from the bronchioles becoming obstructed by the breakdown of the
epithelium of the bronchial mucosa? - Answer-Tissue fibrosis may result
/.Progressive lung disease where the terminal bronchioles become plugged with mucus,
causing a loss in the fiber and elastin network in the alveoli. - Answer-Emphysema
/.What is the most common risk factor for COPD, especially with chronic bronchitis and
emphysema? - Answer-Cigarette smoking
, /.Medications frequently prescribed for COPD include: - Answer-bronchodilators,
glucocorticoids, leukotriene modifiers, expectorants, and antibiotics.
/.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease characterized by periods of bronchospasm
resulting in wheezing and difficulty breathing. - Answer-Bronchial Asthma
/.Results when the lung tissue is exposed to extrinsic or intrinsic factors that stimulate a
bronchoconstrictive response. - Answer-Bronchospasm
/.Cells found in connective tissue throughout the body are directly involved in the
asthmatic response, particularly to extrinsic factors. - Answer-Mast cells
(Allergens attach themselves to mast cells and basophils, resulting in an antigen-
antibody reaction on the mast cells in the lung; the mast cells stimulate the release of
chemical mediators such as histamines, cytokines, serotonin, eosinophil chemotactic
factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A), and leukotrienes)
/.Exposure to an allergen results in... - Answer-bronchial hyper-responsiveness,
epithelial shedding of the bronchial wall, mucous gland hyperplasia and hypersecretion,
leakage of plasma that leads to swelling, and bronchoconstriction
/.Increase cAMP, causing dilation of the bronchioles - Answer-Sympathomimetics
/.In ______________________ the nonselective sympathomimetic epinephrine is given
subcutaneously to promote bronchodilation and elevate blood pressure. - Answer-an
acute bronchospasm caused by anaphylaxis from an allergic reaction,
/.Selective beta2-adrenergic agonists are given by aerosol for... - Answer-
bronchospasm associated with chronic asthma or COPD,
/.These drugs act primarily on the beta2 receptors; therefore, the side effects are less
severe - Answer-Selective beta2-adrenergic agonists
/.If the beta2 agonist is given by a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) what is important to
include in patient education? - Answer-Proper use of a spacer device
/.may be attached to the inhaler to improve drug delivery to the lung with less deposition
in the mouth - Answer-Spacer
/.The side effects and adverse reactions of epinephrine include: - Answer-tremors,
dizziness, hypertension, tachycardia, heart palpitations, cardiac dysrhythmias, and
angina. The patient needs to be closely monitored when the medication is administered.
/.The side effects associated with beta2-adrenergic drugs include: - Answer-tremors,
headaches, nervousness, increased pulse rate, and palpitations.
Nursing Process Approach, 11th Edition verified
100%
What are the two major categories of lower respiratory tract disorders. - Answer-Chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and restrictive pulmonary disease
/.COPD is caused by airway obstruction which causes.... - Answer-increased airway
resistance of airflow to lung tissues.
/.causes a decrease in total lung capacity as a result of fluid accumulation or loss of
elasticity of the lung. - Answer-Restrictive lung disease
/.What is the definition of Asthma - Answer-inflammatory disorder of the airway walls
associated with a varying amount of airway obstruction
/.When activated by stimuli, the bronchial airways become inflamed and edematous,
leading to constriction of air passages. This process is related to which lower respiratory
tract disorder? - Answer-Asthma
/.Chronic bronchitis definition - Answer-Progressive lung disease caused by smoking or
chronic lung infections
/.Bronchial inflammation and excessive mucous secretion result in airway obstruction.
This process is related to which lower respiratory tract disorder? - Answer-Chronic
bronchitis
/.The bronchioles become obstructed by the breakdown of the epithelium of the
bronchial mucosa. This process is related to which disorder? - Answer-Bronchiectasis
/.What may result from the bronchioles becoming obstructed by the breakdown of the
epithelium of the bronchial mucosa? - Answer-Tissue fibrosis may result
/.Progressive lung disease where the terminal bronchioles become plugged with mucus,
causing a loss in the fiber and elastin network in the alveoli. - Answer-Emphysema
/.What is the most common risk factor for COPD, especially with chronic bronchitis and
emphysema? - Answer-Cigarette smoking
, /.Medications frequently prescribed for COPD include: - Answer-bronchodilators,
glucocorticoids, leukotriene modifiers, expectorants, and antibiotics.
/.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease characterized by periods of bronchospasm
resulting in wheezing and difficulty breathing. - Answer-Bronchial Asthma
/.Results when the lung tissue is exposed to extrinsic or intrinsic factors that stimulate a
bronchoconstrictive response. - Answer-Bronchospasm
/.Cells found in connective tissue throughout the body are directly involved in the
asthmatic response, particularly to extrinsic factors. - Answer-Mast cells
(Allergens attach themselves to mast cells and basophils, resulting in an antigen-
antibody reaction on the mast cells in the lung; the mast cells stimulate the release of
chemical mediators such as histamines, cytokines, serotonin, eosinophil chemotactic
factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A), and leukotrienes)
/.Exposure to an allergen results in... - Answer-bronchial hyper-responsiveness,
epithelial shedding of the bronchial wall, mucous gland hyperplasia and hypersecretion,
leakage of plasma that leads to swelling, and bronchoconstriction
/.Increase cAMP, causing dilation of the bronchioles - Answer-Sympathomimetics
/.In ______________________ the nonselective sympathomimetic epinephrine is given
subcutaneously to promote bronchodilation and elevate blood pressure. - Answer-an
acute bronchospasm caused by anaphylaxis from an allergic reaction,
/.Selective beta2-adrenergic agonists are given by aerosol for... - Answer-
bronchospasm associated with chronic asthma or COPD,
/.These drugs act primarily on the beta2 receptors; therefore, the side effects are less
severe - Answer-Selective beta2-adrenergic agonists
/.If the beta2 agonist is given by a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) what is important to
include in patient education? - Answer-Proper use of a spacer device
/.may be attached to the inhaler to improve drug delivery to the lung with less deposition
in the mouth - Answer-Spacer
/.The side effects and adverse reactions of epinephrine include: - Answer-tremors,
dizziness, hypertension, tachycardia, heart palpitations, cardiac dysrhythmias, and
angina. The patient needs to be closely monitored when the medication is administered.
/.The side effects associated with beta2-adrenergic drugs include: - Answer-tremors,
headaches, nervousness, increased pulse rate, and palpitations.
