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UNIT 1 (Chapter 1,2,3,4) Study Guides
Unit 1: The Organization of the Body (Chapters 1-4)
A&P Intro., Criteria Life, Levels Organization (Chapter 1)
• Define anatomy and physiology.
• List the characteristics of living things.
• Describe the levels of structural organization.
• Define metabolism.
• List the major body systems and their main functions.
Homeostasis (Chapter 1)
• Define homeostasis, extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments.
• What are the components of a feedback loop?
• Differentiate between positive and negative feedback loops.
• Name the primary body systems that maintain homeostasis.
• Be able to give examples of positive and negative feedback loops.
Anatomy and Physiology Terminology (Chapter 1):
• Know the anatomical directional terms superior, inferior, anterior, posterior,
medial, lateral, deep, superficial, distal, proximal, axial and appendicular.
• Define anatomical position and the sectional planes: sagittal, coronal/frontal,
transverse.
• Identify the various body cavities: cranial, vertebral, thoracic, mediastinum,
pericardial cavity, abdominal/pelvic cavities and their associated membranes (visceral
and parietal pleural membranes, visceral and pericardial membranes, visceral and
pericardial peritoneum).
• Identify the organs and the specific cavities that they are found in.
• Know the abdominal regions: right and left hypochondriac, right and left inguinal,
pubic, umbilical, right and left lateral.
• Know body regional names: abdominal, acromial, antebrachial, antecubital,
axillary, brachial, buccal, carpal, celiac,
cephalic, cervical, costal, coxal, crural, cubital, digital, dorsal, femoral,
frontal, genital, gluteal, inguinal, lumbar, mammary, mental, nasal,
occipital, oral, orbital, otic, palmar, patellar, pectoral, pedal, pelvic,
perineal, plantar, popliteal, sacral, sternal, sural, tarsal, umbilical and
vertebral.
• Know the abdominal quadrants right upper quadrant (RUQ), right lower quadrant
(RLQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ) and left lower quadrant (LLQ).
, 2
Cellular Chemistry (Chapter 2)
• Define and give examples of the following terms: matter, element, trace element,
electron, proton, neutron, atom, element, molecule, compound, mixture, solution,
solvent, solute, and suspension.
• Explain how molecular and structural formulas represent the composition of
compounds.
• Define: isotope. How are isotopes important in medicine.
• List the most common elements found in the human body.
• Explain how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.
• Explain the role of ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds in the human body.
• Analyze the role of water in the human body.
• Distinguish between synthesis, decomposition, exchange reactions, reversable
reactions.
• Define and give examples of the following terms: ion, electrolyte, acid, base,
buffer, pH, acidic, alkaline, acidosis, alkalosis.
• Use the pH scale to identify the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
• Give the normal pH of human blood.
• List inorganic and organic substances that are important in the body.
Define: solute and solvent.
• Identify the properties of specific carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids
and lipids. What are the functional groups, building blocks (monomers)
and bonds involved in each of these?
• Identify the ways that specific carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and
lipids function in the body.
• Identify the differences between functional and structural proteins.
• Explain what an enzyme does, metabolic pathway, the meaning of
specificity, the function of coenzymes, cofactors and what a substrate is.
• Describe ATP and explain its structure and importance in the body.
• Distinguish between anabolic and catabolic reactions.
• Define: dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
UNIT 1 (Chapter 1,2,3,4) Study Guides
Unit 1: The Organization of the Body (Chapters 1-4)
A&P Intro., Criteria Life, Levels Organization (Chapter 1)
• Define anatomy and physiology.
• List the characteristics of living things.
• Describe the levels of structural organization.
• Define metabolism.
• List the major body systems and their main functions.
Homeostasis (Chapter 1)
• Define homeostasis, extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments.
• What are the components of a feedback loop?
• Differentiate between positive and negative feedback loops.
• Name the primary body systems that maintain homeostasis.
• Be able to give examples of positive and negative feedback loops.
Anatomy and Physiology Terminology (Chapter 1):
• Know the anatomical directional terms superior, inferior, anterior, posterior,
medial, lateral, deep, superficial, distal, proximal, axial and appendicular.
• Define anatomical position and the sectional planes: sagittal, coronal/frontal,
transverse.
• Identify the various body cavities: cranial, vertebral, thoracic, mediastinum,
pericardial cavity, abdominal/pelvic cavities and their associated membranes (visceral
and parietal pleural membranes, visceral and pericardial membranes, visceral and
pericardial peritoneum).
• Identify the organs and the specific cavities that they are found in.
• Know the abdominal regions: right and left hypochondriac, right and left inguinal,
pubic, umbilical, right and left lateral.
• Know body regional names: abdominal, acromial, antebrachial, antecubital,
axillary, brachial, buccal, carpal, celiac,
cephalic, cervical, costal, coxal, crural, cubital, digital, dorsal, femoral,
frontal, genital, gluteal, inguinal, lumbar, mammary, mental, nasal,
occipital, oral, orbital, otic, palmar, patellar, pectoral, pedal, pelvic,
perineal, plantar, popliteal, sacral, sternal, sural, tarsal, umbilical and
vertebral.
• Know the abdominal quadrants right upper quadrant (RUQ), right lower quadrant
(RLQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ) and left lower quadrant (LLQ).
, 2
Cellular Chemistry (Chapter 2)
• Define and give examples of the following terms: matter, element, trace element,
electron, proton, neutron, atom, element, molecule, compound, mixture, solution,
solvent, solute, and suspension.
• Explain how molecular and structural formulas represent the composition of
compounds.
• Define: isotope. How are isotopes important in medicine.
• List the most common elements found in the human body.
• Explain how atomic structure determines how atoms interact.
• Explain the role of ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds in the human body.
• Analyze the role of water in the human body.
• Distinguish between synthesis, decomposition, exchange reactions, reversable
reactions.
• Define and give examples of the following terms: ion, electrolyte, acid, base,
buffer, pH, acidic, alkaline, acidosis, alkalosis.
• Use the pH scale to identify the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
• Give the normal pH of human blood.
• List inorganic and organic substances that are important in the body.
Define: solute and solvent.
• Identify the properties of specific carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids
and lipids. What are the functional groups, building blocks (monomers)
and bonds involved in each of these?
• Identify the ways that specific carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and
lipids function in the body.
• Identify the differences between functional and structural proteins.
• Explain what an enzyme does, metabolic pathway, the meaning of
specificity, the function of coenzymes, cofactors and what a substrate is.
• Describe ATP and explain its structure and importance in the body.
• Distinguish between anabolic and catabolic reactions.
• Define: dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
