BIOD351
Endocrinology
Final Test Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior
pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release
cortisol?
- A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- D. Growth hormone (GH)
ANS: B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
©/2025
, Rationale: ACTH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol, which plays a
role in stress response and metabolism.
2. Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood
calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption in the intestines,
reabsorption in the kidneys, and release from bones?
- A. Calcitonin
- B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- C. Insulin
- D. Glucagon
ANS: B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Rationale: PTH regulates blood calcium levels by increasing
calcium absorption in the intestines, reabsorption in the kidneys,
and release from bones.
3. What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
- A. Increasing blood glucose levels
- B. Decreasing blood glucose levels
- C. Increasing blood calcium levels
- D. Decreasing blood calcium levels
©/2025
, ANS: B. Decreasing blood glucose levels
Rationale: Insulin decreases blood glucose levels by
facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells and promoting its
storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
4. Which of the following is an example of a hormone that is
derived from cholesterol?
- A. Thyroxine (T4)
- B. Cortisol
- C. Insulin
- D. Growth hormone (GH)
ANS: B. Cortisol
Rationale: Cortisol is a steroid hormone derived from
cholesterol, produced by the adrenal cortex, and involved in the
stress response and metabolism.
5. What is the primary role of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in
the body?
- A. Regulating blood pressure
- B. Regulating metabolism
©/2025
, - C. Regulating immune function
- D. Regulating blood clotting
ANS: B. Regulating metabolism
Rationale: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) regulate
metabolism by increasing the basal metabolic rate, influencing
protein synthesis, and affecting growth and development.
6. Which condition is characterized by excessive secretion of
growth hormone in adults, leading to enlarged hands, feet, and
facial features?
- A. Addison's disease
- B. Acromegaly
- C. Cushing's syndrome
- D. Hypothyroidism
ANS: B. Acromegaly
Rationale: Acromegaly is characterized by excessive
secretion of growth hormone in adults, resulting in enlarged
hands, feet, and facial features.
7. Which hormone is produced by the pancreas and promotes the
breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver?
©/2025
Endocrinology
Final Test Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior
pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release
cortisol?
- A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- D. Growth hormone (GH)
ANS: B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
©/2025
, Rationale: ACTH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol, which plays a
role in stress response and metabolism.
2. Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood
calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption in the intestines,
reabsorption in the kidneys, and release from bones?
- A. Calcitonin
- B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- C. Insulin
- D. Glucagon
ANS: B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Rationale: PTH regulates blood calcium levels by increasing
calcium absorption in the intestines, reabsorption in the kidneys,
and release from bones.
3. What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
- A. Increasing blood glucose levels
- B. Decreasing blood glucose levels
- C. Increasing blood calcium levels
- D. Decreasing blood calcium levels
©/2025
, ANS: B. Decreasing blood glucose levels
Rationale: Insulin decreases blood glucose levels by
facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells and promoting its
storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
4. Which of the following is an example of a hormone that is
derived from cholesterol?
- A. Thyroxine (T4)
- B. Cortisol
- C. Insulin
- D. Growth hormone (GH)
ANS: B. Cortisol
Rationale: Cortisol is a steroid hormone derived from
cholesterol, produced by the adrenal cortex, and involved in the
stress response and metabolism.
5. What is the primary role of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in
the body?
- A. Regulating blood pressure
- B. Regulating metabolism
©/2025
, - C. Regulating immune function
- D. Regulating blood clotting
ANS: B. Regulating metabolism
Rationale: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) regulate
metabolism by increasing the basal metabolic rate, influencing
protein synthesis, and affecting growth and development.
6. Which condition is characterized by excessive secretion of
growth hormone in adults, leading to enlarged hands, feet, and
facial features?
- A. Addison's disease
- B. Acromegaly
- C. Cushing's syndrome
- D. Hypothyroidism
ANS: B. Acromegaly
Rationale: Acromegaly is characterized by excessive
secretion of growth hormone in adults, resulting in enlarged
hands, feet, and facial features.
7. Which hormone is produced by the pancreas and promotes the
breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver?
©/2025
