Nursing 3100 UCONN Final EXAM Questions and
Answers with solutions 2025
What common antidepressant can cause hyponatremia?
What other drug? - ANSWER SSRIs (selective seritonin reuptake inhibitors)
thiazide diuretics, ecstasy
what are the risks of reversing hyponatremia too quickly? - ANSWER brainstem herniation and
risk of cerebral pontine myelinolysis
Which is more fatal? hyperkalemia or hypokalemia? - ANSWER hyperkalemia
Where do the greatest losses of potassium occur normally? - ANSWER greatest losses of
potassium occur normally in the distal tubules of the kidney--> you are losing potassium
through bowel movements
Why should one measure urine output before starting a potassium containing IV infusion in a
traumatized patient? - ANSWER to check for hypernatremia
to make sure urine output is in normal range
Decreased urine output could also mean increasing of the potassium in the blood which could
be fatal
TPN - ANSWER total parenteral nutrition (if the gut is not working the patient would get its
nutrients through this)
What are the signs of excess fluid in the body? - ANSWER jugular venous distension
,bounding pulses
distended neck veins
hypertension
Mrs. F. has decreased urine volume with a specific gravity of 1.09. Her sodium is 155 mEq/L and
her H/H are abnormally elevated as is her serum albumin. What do you suspect? - ANSWER
Hypernatremia
Patients receiving tube feedings who are not also given additional water are at risk for what
electrolyte imbalance that may result in changes in personality, agitation, and confusion? -
ANSWER could have elevated sodium and potassium levels
What does Trousseau's phenomenon and positive Chvostek's sign indicate? - ANSWER
Hypocalcemic Tetany
What increases the risk of hyponatremia in older adults? - ANSWER Prostate surgery
hyperglycemia
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH)
Increased ADH
SSRI's
Diuretics
kidney disease
How do Thiazide diuretics and SSRIs cause hyponatremia - ANSWER SSRIs and Diuretics cause
excess sodium loss through urine because it causes water retention
In Red Hat Hikers what was the problem with Sue? - ANSWER she had hyponatremia
, How could sue with hyponatremia be treated? - ANSWER water restriction and increased
sodium intake
How do antiemetics work? - ANSWER Block the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) via various
avenues
What is the physiology of nausea and vomiting? - ANSWER The vomiting/emesis center is
located in the medulla oblongata
Direct and indirect stimulants activate that center
CTZ zone - ANSWER area of the medulla oblongata thatcommunicates with other structures in
the vomiting center to initiate vomiting
The receptors of the [anti]emetic response: - ANSWER serotonin (brain/stomach area)
Glucocorticoids
Neurokinan (brain area)
Dopamine (brain area)
Acetylcholine
Histamine (vestibular area of the brain)
Cholinergic receptors (vestibular area of the brain)
When should antiemetics be given? - ANSWER at least one hour before symptoms
Four classes of antiemetic agents: - ANSWER Anticholinergic
Antihistamine
Dopamine receptor blockers
Serotonin receptor blockers
Answers with solutions 2025
What common antidepressant can cause hyponatremia?
What other drug? - ANSWER SSRIs (selective seritonin reuptake inhibitors)
thiazide diuretics, ecstasy
what are the risks of reversing hyponatremia too quickly? - ANSWER brainstem herniation and
risk of cerebral pontine myelinolysis
Which is more fatal? hyperkalemia or hypokalemia? - ANSWER hyperkalemia
Where do the greatest losses of potassium occur normally? - ANSWER greatest losses of
potassium occur normally in the distal tubules of the kidney--> you are losing potassium
through bowel movements
Why should one measure urine output before starting a potassium containing IV infusion in a
traumatized patient? - ANSWER to check for hypernatremia
to make sure urine output is in normal range
Decreased urine output could also mean increasing of the potassium in the blood which could
be fatal
TPN - ANSWER total parenteral nutrition (if the gut is not working the patient would get its
nutrients through this)
What are the signs of excess fluid in the body? - ANSWER jugular venous distension
,bounding pulses
distended neck veins
hypertension
Mrs. F. has decreased urine volume with a specific gravity of 1.09. Her sodium is 155 mEq/L and
her H/H are abnormally elevated as is her serum albumin. What do you suspect? - ANSWER
Hypernatremia
Patients receiving tube feedings who are not also given additional water are at risk for what
electrolyte imbalance that may result in changes in personality, agitation, and confusion? -
ANSWER could have elevated sodium and potassium levels
What does Trousseau's phenomenon and positive Chvostek's sign indicate? - ANSWER
Hypocalcemic Tetany
What increases the risk of hyponatremia in older adults? - ANSWER Prostate surgery
hyperglycemia
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH)
Increased ADH
SSRI's
Diuretics
kidney disease
How do Thiazide diuretics and SSRIs cause hyponatremia - ANSWER SSRIs and Diuretics cause
excess sodium loss through urine because it causes water retention
In Red Hat Hikers what was the problem with Sue? - ANSWER she had hyponatremia
, How could sue with hyponatremia be treated? - ANSWER water restriction and increased
sodium intake
How do antiemetics work? - ANSWER Block the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) via various
avenues
What is the physiology of nausea and vomiting? - ANSWER The vomiting/emesis center is
located in the medulla oblongata
Direct and indirect stimulants activate that center
CTZ zone - ANSWER area of the medulla oblongata thatcommunicates with other structures in
the vomiting center to initiate vomiting
The receptors of the [anti]emetic response: - ANSWER serotonin (brain/stomach area)
Glucocorticoids
Neurokinan (brain area)
Dopamine (brain area)
Acetylcholine
Histamine (vestibular area of the brain)
Cholinergic receptors (vestibular area of the brain)
When should antiemetics be given? - ANSWER at least one hour before symptoms
Four classes of antiemetic agents: - ANSWER Anticholinergic
Antihistamine
Dopamine receptor blockers
Serotonin receptor blockers
