PSY 101 Straighterline Final Exam
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1. psychology the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
2. science psychology uses systematic methods to observe human behavior and draw con-
clusions
3. behavior everything we do that can be directly observed
4. mental process The thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us experiences privately but that
cannot be observed directly
5. critical thinking thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it ex-
amines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses
conclusions.
6. empirical gaining knowledge through the observation of events, the collection of data, and
method logical reasoning
7. structuralism focus on identifying the elemental parts or structures of the human mind; William
Wundt
8. functionalism A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes
function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish; William James
9. natural selection A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and
reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits; Charles
Darwin
10. neurons a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
11. glial cells cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons
12. cell body Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm
13. dendrites Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.
, PSY 101 Straighterline Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8z2uie
14. axon the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which
messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
15. myelin sheath fatty layer that covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
16. resting potential The difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a neuron's cell
membrane; neg inside, pos outisde
17. action potential a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
18. all or nothing The principle that once the electrical impulse reaches a certain level of intensity
principle (its threshold), it fires and moves all the way down the axon without losing any
intensity.
19. synapses tiny gaps between dentrites and axons of different neurons
20. Neuraltransmit- transmit, or carry, information across the synaptic gap to the next neuron
ters
21. Acetylcholine stimulates the firing of neurons and is involved in the action of muscles, learning,
(ACh) and memory
22. Alzheimer's dis- degenerative brain disorder that involves a decline in memory, have an acetyl-
ease choline deficiency
23. GABA a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
24. decreased GABA lead to anxiety
levels
25. glutamate exciting many neurons to fire and is especially involved in learning and memory
26. norepinephrine inhibits the firing of neurons in the central nervous system, but it excites the heart
muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract
, PSY 101 Straighterline Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8z2uie
27. dopamine control voluntary movement and affects sleep, mood, attention, learning, and the
ability to recognize rewards in the environment
28. seratonin involved in the regulation of sleep, mood, attention, and learning
29. endorphins natural opiates that mainly stimulate the firing of neurons; block pain & increase
pleasure
30. oxytocin hormone and neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the experience of
love and social bonding
31. agonist A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter.
32. antagonist drug that blocks a neurotransmitter's effects
33. brain lesioning abnormal disruption in the tissue of the brain resulting from injury or disease
34. Electroencephalo- records the brain's electrical activity
gram (EEG)
35. hindbrain medulla, pons, cerebellum; located at skull's rear
36. thalamus relays info b/w lower and higher brain centers
37. hypothalamus governs eating, drinking, and sex; plays a role in emotion and stress
38. reticular forma- a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
tion & stereotyped patterns
39. medulla governs breathing and reflexes
40. cerebellum A large structure of the hindbrain that controls motor coordination
41. pons governs sleep and arousal
42. Hippocampus a brain structure that is associated with the formation of memories
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8z2uie
1. psychology the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
2. science psychology uses systematic methods to observe human behavior and draw con-
clusions
3. behavior everything we do that can be directly observed
4. mental process The thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us experiences privately but that
cannot be observed directly
5. critical thinking thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it ex-
amines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses
conclusions.
6. empirical gaining knowledge through the observation of events, the collection of data, and
method logical reasoning
7. structuralism focus on identifying the elemental parts or structures of the human mind; William
Wundt
8. functionalism A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes
function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish; William James
9. natural selection A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and
reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits; Charles
Darwin
10. neurons a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
11. glial cells cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons
12. cell body Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm
13. dendrites Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.
, PSY 101 Straighterline Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8z2uie
14. axon the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which
messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
15. myelin sheath fatty layer that covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
16. resting potential The difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a neuron's cell
membrane; neg inside, pos outisde
17. action potential a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
18. all or nothing The principle that once the electrical impulse reaches a certain level of intensity
principle (its threshold), it fires and moves all the way down the axon without losing any
intensity.
19. synapses tiny gaps between dentrites and axons of different neurons
20. Neuraltransmit- transmit, or carry, information across the synaptic gap to the next neuron
ters
21. Acetylcholine stimulates the firing of neurons and is involved in the action of muscles, learning,
(ACh) and memory
22. Alzheimer's dis- degenerative brain disorder that involves a decline in memory, have an acetyl-
ease choline deficiency
23. GABA a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
24. decreased GABA lead to anxiety
levels
25. glutamate exciting many neurons to fire and is especially involved in learning and memory
26. norepinephrine inhibits the firing of neurons in the central nervous system, but it excites the heart
muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract
, PSY 101 Straighterline Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8z2uie
27. dopamine control voluntary movement and affects sleep, mood, attention, learning, and the
ability to recognize rewards in the environment
28. seratonin involved in the regulation of sleep, mood, attention, and learning
29. endorphins natural opiates that mainly stimulate the firing of neurons; block pain & increase
pleasure
30. oxytocin hormone and neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the experience of
love and social bonding
31. agonist A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter.
32. antagonist drug that blocks a neurotransmitter's effects
33. brain lesioning abnormal disruption in the tissue of the brain resulting from injury or disease
34. Electroencephalo- records the brain's electrical activity
gram (EEG)
35. hindbrain medulla, pons, cerebellum; located at skull's rear
36. thalamus relays info b/w lower and higher brain centers
37. hypothalamus governs eating, drinking, and sex; plays a role in emotion and stress
38. reticular forma- a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
tion & stereotyped patterns
39. medulla governs breathing and reflexes
40. cerebellum A large structure of the hindbrain that controls motor coordination
41. pons governs sleep and arousal
42. Hippocampus a brain structure that is associated with the formation of memories
