Adolescent Development
Adolescence is the period of puberty during a young person who is slowing developing
from a child and transiting to an adult. Young individuals experience many rapid changes during
this chapter in their lives. Child and Adolescent development are the term used for continuous
changes and growth with individuals. Studies show the cognitive, emotional, behavioral that
children and adolescents go through. This paper will further review and give an insight to the
five theoretical perspectives.
Child and Adolescent Development changes Over Time
The study of Child and Adolescent first started in the 1700s by Charles Darwin this
journal included information such as sensory, motor, language, and cognitive skills for the
behavior of infants and toddlers. As the years pass by many scientists started to learn more in
depth about the difference between nature and nurture, which is a term used by scientists to
describe more in depth about this idea (Martorell, Papalia, & Feldman, 2013). Scientists believed
that a child growth is due to parenting styles and the way a parent raises a child. A few
characteristics that parents inherent to their children is attributes such as agreeableness,
emotional stability, and positive outlook to life that eventually will inherent by tradition to their
children as well. Scientists also have a strong belief that a parent personality will be able to
dictate and predict the future of an adolescent personality (Schofield et al, 2012). The
development of the science and technology shows that studies are important for child and
adolescent development to show the growth over time.
The Five Perspectives
Psychoanalytic Perspective
, Sigmund Freud is known as the father of psychoanalysis he developed this whole
perspective. He was a firm believer that humans are biologically born with the drive to sexual
wants, desires, and aggression he believed that humans develop this during early stages of one’s
life (Martorell, 2013). Sigmund Freud developed two things that are used as the term “Structural
Model and Psychosexual stages”. The term Structural Model are defined as ego and superhero in
which he believes that people make decisions based on how they feel. On the other hand,
Psychosexual stage is defined as sexual stages with oral, anal, latency, and genital stages in
which he believes that humans reach this level due to trauma and how the child was developed at
a young age (Martorell, 2013).
Learning Perspective
In the learning perspective there are two specific important theories which are
behaviorism and predictable behavior. Predictable behavior is behavior based on each individual
experience in life and Social learning is described as imitation from other and gravitating
behaviors from other people (Martorell, 2013). Albert Bandura developed the study of social
learning theory and he conducted this study by using the Bobo Doll experiment to test his
theories in a successful way.
Cognitive Perspective
Cognitive Perspective was found by Jean Piaget he believed that people developed based
on changes they went through in their life. Jean Piaget believed there is four stages of cognitive
development which are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal
operational stages, which is the reason behind the ideas of adolescents, experiences, and changes
one’s gone through (Martorell, 2013)
Adolescence is the period of puberty during a young person who is slowing developing
from a child and transiting to an adult. Young individuals experience many rapid changes during
this chapter in their lives. Child and Adolescent development are the term used for continuous
changes and growth with individuals. Studies show the cognitive, emotional, behavioral that
children and adolescents go through. This paper will further review and give an insight to the
five theoretical perspectives.
Child and Adolescent Development changes Over Time
The study of Child and Adolescent first started in the 1700s by Charles Darwin this
journal included information such as sensory, motor, language, and cognitive skills for the
behavior of infants and toddlers. As the years pass by many scientists started to learn more in
depth about the difference between nature and nurture, which is a term used by scientists to
describe more in depth about this idea (Martorell, Papalia, & Feldman, 2013). Scientists believed
that a child growth is due to parenting styles and the way a parent raises a child. A few
characteristics that parents inherent to their children is attributes such as agreeableness,
emotional stability, and positive outlook to life that eventually will inherent by tradition to their
children as well. Scientists also have a strong belief that a parent personality will be able to
dictate and predict the future of an adolescent personality (Schofield et al, 2012). The
development of the science and technology shows that studies are important for child and
adolescent development to show the growth over time.
The Five Perspectives
Psychoanalytic Perspective
, Sigmund Freud is known as the father of psychoanalysis he developed this whole
perspective. He was a firm believer that humans are biologically born with the drive to sexual
wants, desires, and aggression he believed that humans develop this during early stages of one’s
life (Martorell, 2013). Sigmund Freud developed two things that are used as the term “Structural
Model and Psychosexual stages”. The term Structural Model are defined as ego and superhero in
which he believes that people make decisions based on how they feel. On the other hand,
Psychosexual stage is defined as sexual stages with oral, anal, latency, and genital stages in
which he believes that humans reach this level due to trauma and how the child was developed at
a young age (Martorell, 2013).
Learning Perspective
In the learning perspective there are two specific important theories which are
behaviorism and predictable behavior. Predictable behavior is behavior based on each individual
experience in life and Social learning is described as imitation from other and gravitating
behaviors from other people (Martorell, 2013). Albert Bandura developed the study of social
learning theory and he conducted this study by using the Bobo Doll experiment to test his
theories in a successful way.
Cognitive Perspective
Cognitive Perspective was found by Jean Piaget he believed that people developed based
on changes they went through in their life. Jean Piaget believed there is four stages of cognitive
development which are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal
operational stages, which is the reason behind the ideas of adolescents, experiences, and changes
one’s gone through (Martorell, 2013)
